Aboukir, Battle. Nelson defeats French fleet, 1798. Napoleon defeats Turks, 1799.

Abraham. c2000BC. Old Testament father of Jewish, Arab peoples. Sarah. Hagar.Ishmael.

Absolutism. Government where one person/group has absolute power. 15-18C monarchies.

Abstract Art. 20C. Color, line and form without subject. Begun by Cezanne.

Abstract Expressionism. 1940s New York style of Pollock, Rothko. Spontaneous expression, free of traditional values. Expressionism.

Abu al-Abbas as Saffah. 722-54. First Abbasid caliph 749-.

Abu Moslem Revolt. 747-50. Umayyad downfall.

Abydos, Table. 14C BC List of Egyptian. kings. Discovered Temple of Seti,1817.

Abyssinia. Ethiopia.

Abyssinia-Italy War. 1894-6. Ended Italian colonialism.

Abyssinian War. 1935-6. Italy invades Ethiopia. League of Nations ineffective.

Achilles. Greek hero of Trojan Wars, invulnerable except for his heel, subject of Homer’s Iliad.

Adad. Babylonian, Assyrian weather god.

Adams, John Q. 1767-1848. US President 1825-9. Abolitionist.

Adams, William. 1564-1620. English navigator established Japan trade c1613.

Adelard of Bath. 1090-c1150. English mathematician/translator introduced Arabic numerals.

Adenauer, Konrad. 1876-1967. First chancellor of German Federal Republic., 1949-63. Stabilized postwar Germany.

Admonition to Parliament. 1572. Puritans demand episcopacy abolition.

Aesop. Legendary/6C BC. Greek slave/fablist. Fox and Grapes. Hare andTortoise.

Afghanistan. c200BC Aryan. 6C BC Achaemenid. 330 Alexander...Seleucid/ Maurya. 2C BC Persia/ India/ Parthia/ Kushan. 7C Arab (NW). 750 Persia (W)/ Hindu (E). 1219 Mongol...Timurid. 1525 Mogul. 1737 Persia. 1747 Monarchy. 19 C Britain/Russia dispute 1880 British suzerainty. 1919 Independent. 1973 Marxist coup, Republic. 1978 Communist coup. 1979 Russian occupation. 1989 Mujahideen expel Russians aided by CIA. 1990s Warlords. 2001 US attack Taliban.

AFL-CIO. American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations. AFL 1886. CIO 1935. Merged, 1955. US labour union federation.

Ahab. King of Israel 874-853BC.

Alabama Claims. 1872. US claim damages caused by British built warships in Civil War. $15M=£3.25M awarded by arbitration.

Albertus Magnus, St. c1200-80. Swabian Dominican philosopher influenced Aquinas: independent observation of nature. Alchemist.

Albion. Ancient Greek, Roman name for Great Britain, probably from Gaelic.

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