Carmathians. 890-10C. Moslem reform sect. Kidnaped and ransomed Stone of Ka’bah 930-950.

Carol II. 1893-1953. Dictatorial Romanian king 1930-40. Abdicated after losing territory to Russia.

Carter, Jimmy. 1924-. US President 1977-81. Camp David Talks. Habitat for Humanity.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Casablanca, Conference. 1943. Allies agree to fight Axis and Japan to unconditional surrender.

Casals, Pablo. 1876-1973. Spanish cellist/conductor.

Caste System. Hereditary social division, esp. in Hindu India. Brahman. Kshatriyas. Vaisyas. Sudras. Untouchables.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Celestine V, St. 1209-96. Founded Celestines 1264. 1294 First Pope to abdicate. Imprisoned by Boniface VIII.

Chabrier, Emmanuel. 1841-94. French composer. España 1883.

Chaeronea, Battle. 338BC. Philip of Macedon defeats Greek city-states.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Chanel, Gabrielle (Coco). 1883-1971. French haut couture, perfume doyenne. Simplicity.

Chinese Civil War. 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion. 1622- Red Hat Rebellion. 1946-9 Communists rebel vs Kuomintang. People’s Republic established.

Chopin, Fréderic. 1810-49. Polish/French composer of emotional expressiveness and pianist of great technical ability. Sand.

Christina. 1629-89. Swedish queen 1632-54. Abdicated. Patron of Arts.

Christo, (Gabrovo Javacheff). 1935-. Bulgarian/US artist with wife Jeanne-Claude. Pont Neuf Packaged 1985. Reichstag 1995.

Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

Church of Scotland. National Church of Scotland. Reformation led by Knox. 1560 Abolished pope. 1689 Presbyterian.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

Code of Hammurabi. 18C BC. Written legal code.

Columbia. US 1981. First reusable spacecraft.

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