Commune, Paris. 1871. Revolutionary government formed when Thiers abandoned Paris to Prussians. Crushed 2 months later by McMahon. 20,000 killed.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Conceptualism. Reality has no objective existence; it is a concept in the mind. Abelard.

Connecticut Wits. 18C US satiric collaborative poets. Anarchiad 1786-87.

Constable, John. 1776-1837. English Naturalist landscape painter. Hay Wain 1821. Valley Farm. Waterloo Bridge 1831.

Constantine I. 274-338. Roman Emperor 306-, established Christianity as official religion. Moved capital to Constantinople. United state and church.

Constantine I. 1868-1923. King of Greece, 1913-17. Refused to support Allies in WWI. Abdicated. Restored 1920-2. Abdicated again.

Constitution, US. 1787. Effective 1789. Defines government, liberties, basic laws. Amendments I-X 1791 Bill of Rights. XIII 1865 Abolishes slavery. XVIII 1919 Prohibition. XIX 1920 Women suffrage. XXI 1933 Repeals Prohibition. XXVI 1971 Voting age 18.

Contraceptive Pill. 1952 Available.

Convention of 1818. Established 49th parallel as US-Canada border.

Conway Cabal. 1777 plot to replace Washington with Gates at head of Continental Army.

Coolie.19C Chinese indentured labourer.

Coral Sea, Battle. 1942. US checks Japanese advances. WWII.

Corvée. Statute labour. Abolished 1792 Fr, 1891 Egypt.

Coster, Laurens. 1370-c1440. Dutch inv of moveable type, perhaps before Gutenberg.

Crichton, James “The Admirable”. 1560-82. Scottish adventurer/scholar.

Crucifixion. Abolished 4C by Constantine.

Cubism. 1907. Braque and Picasso reduce painting to minimum geometric forms. Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. Term coined by Braque 1909.

Cubism, Synthetic. 1913. Braque and Picasso create a collage form of painting.

Culpeper’s Rebellion. 1677-79. Carolina colonists vs England. Establish their own government.

Cunaxa, Battle. 401BC. Failed revolt vs Artaxerxes II. Retreat of the Ten Thousand.

Cyril and Methodius, Sts. -c869/885. Apostles of Slavs. Translated liturgy, invented Cyrillic alphabet.

Cyrillic. 9C Alphabet of Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian.

Cyrus. -529BC. Founded Persian Empire 550-. Defeated Babylonia 539BC. Freed Jews.

Cyrus the Younger. -401BC. Conspired vs Artaxerxes. Killed at Cunaxa.

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