Cabezan. 1510-66. Spanish. Early keyboard composer.

Cabinet. Evolved from English Privy Council, 18C. Ministers controlling government policy.

Cabiri. Phrygian, later Greek fertility cult gods: Demeter, Hermes, Persephone.

Cable, George. 1844-1925. US author on color problem: Ole Creole Days 1879. Silent South 1885.

Cabochiens. 1411-18. Paris tradesmen. Supported Burgundians vs Armagnacs.

Cabot, John. c1450-99. Genoese explorer for England. Discovered Newfoundland, Labrador, 1497.

Cabot, Sebastian. c1474-1557. Venetian explorer for Spain and England. Hudson’s Bay, South America.

Cabral, Pedro. 1467-1520. Portuguese navigator. Discovered Brazil 1500.

Cabrera, Ramón. 1806-87. Spanish Carlist leader.

Cabrillo, Juan. -1543. Portuguese explorer. Discovered California for Spain.

Cabrini, St. Frances Xavier. 1850-1917. First American saint.

Cadmus. Mythical founder of Thebes. Introduced alphabet to Greeks. Europa’s brother.

Caesar, Julius. 100-44BC. Roman general. 58BC conquered Gaul. 55BC Invaded Britain. 49BC Crossed Rubicon. Established Julian calendar. de Bello Gallico 51BC. Assassinated.

Cain. Elder son of Adam and Eve. Killed Abel.

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro. 1600-81. Spanish dramatist: El divino Orfeo-“Life is a dream” 1635.

Caliphate Empire. 632-1258. Moslem Empire founded by Muhammad. From Afghanistan to north Africa and Spain. Umayyad. Abbasid.

Callaghan, James. 1912-. British Labour Prime Minister 1976-9.

Camões, Luis de. c1524-80. Portuguese poet: Os Lusiadas, about Portugal’s explorations.

Campo Formio, Peace. 1797. Austria surrenders to Napoleon. Independent Venice abolished.

Camus, Albert. 1913-60. Existentialist absurd French writer: l’Étranger, Caligula.

Canada. 1000 Norse visit. 1497 Cabot explores. 1534 French claim Quebec. 1583 English claim, settle Newfoundland. 1605 French settle Quebec. 1763 British conquer French territory. 1867 Independent Dominion. 1870 +northwest territories. 1871 +British Columbia. 1873 +PEI. 1949 +Newfoundland, Labrador.

Cantabri. Iberian tribe def by Romans.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Carabobo, Battle. 1821. Venezuela defeats Spain, gaining independence.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

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