Oman. 1508 Portugal discovers. 1659 Turkey. 1741 Said dynasty. Zanzibar.

Osman I. 1258-1326. Turkish founder of Ottoman Empire 1299. Conquered Byzantium.

Ottoman Empire. 1300-1922. Turkish empire in Balkans, Near East, N Africa. Conquered Byzantine Empire. 1402 Destroyed by Tamerlane. 1413 Rebuilt by Mehmed. 1453 Conquered Constantinople. Eastern Question. Mehmed II. Süleiman the Magnificent. Turkey.

Pakistan. 25C BC Indus civilization. 15C BC Aryan. 6C Achaemenid. 326 Alexander. 4C BC Maurya Empire. c50 AD Kushan. 4C Gupta. 5C Hun. 8C Moslem. 11C Turks. 1206 Delhi Sultanate. 1526 Mogul. 1780 Sikh. 1840 British India. 1947 Independent. 1956 Islamic Republic. 1971 -Bangladesh.

Paleologus. Byzantine dynasty 1259-1453. Ousted crusader kings. Defeated by Turks.

Pan-Slavism. 19C Slavic unity movement. Caused Russo-Turkish War 1877.

Parthenon. 447-431BC. Marble Doric temple of Athena built by Phidias and Ictinus under Pericles on Athens Acropolis. Damaged by Venetians attacking Turks 1687.

Passarowitz, Treaty. 1718. Venice cedes Peloponnesus to Ottomans. Ends Turkish War.

Pruth, Treaty. 1711. Ends Russo-Turkish War. Turkey regains territory.

Radzin, Treaty. 1681. Ends First Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Ukraine.

Republican People’s Party. Turkey 1923-50. Founded by Ataturk.

Rhodes. <1000BC Minoan. Dorian. 5C BC Delian League. 43BC Rome alliance. 653 Saracen. 1309 Knights of St John. 1522 Turks. 1912 Italy. 1947 Greece. c1C BC School of rhetoric.

Russo-Turkish Wars. 16-19C. Russia gains Black Sea to Balkans from crumbling Ottoman Empire in 10 wars. Assist Serb, Romanian independence. Crimean War.

San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Saracoglu, Sükrü. 1887-1953. Turkish Prime Minister 1942-6. Atatürk ally.

Scandberg. 1404-68. Albanian prince, raised as hostage in Turkey. Led Albanians vs Turks 1444-66.

Ségurane, Catherine. Saved Nice by frightening away invading Turks, 1543.

Seljuks. 1075-1242. Turkish dynasty ruled Caliphate Empire. Attacks vs Byzantines led to Crusades. Nucleus for Ottoman Empire.

Serbo-Turkish War. 1876-8. Serbia aids Christian rebellion in Bosnia. Loss caused Russo-Turkish War, Serbian independence 1878. Berlin Treaty.

Slavonia. Pannonia. Balkans. 11C Hungary. 16C Turks. 1699 Hapsburg. 1848 Austria. 1868 Croatia.

Smyrna. =Izmir. 3000BC Greek city in Turkey. 600BC Lydian. 4C Greek 1425 Ottoman. 1920-2. Greeks occupy, massacre.

Starhemberg, Ernst von. 1638-1701. Austrian Field Marshal. Defended Vienna vs Turks 1683.

Thessaloniki. 315BC Rebuilt by Cassander. 168BC Rome...Byzantine. 42BC Independent. 8-12C Many conquerers. 904 Saracen. 1185 Norman. 1246 Byzantine. 1423 Venice. 1430 Turks. 1913 Greece.

Thököly, Imre. 1657-1705. Led Hungarian Protestant rebels vs Austria. Besieged Vienna with Turks 1683.

Thrace. Region of SE Balkan peninsula. c700BC Greek colonies. c512-480BC Persia. 4C BC Macedonia. 1C BC Rome...Byzantine. 7C Bulgaria(N). 1453 Ottoman. Post WWI split Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria.

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