Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

Investiture Controversy. 1075-1122. Gregory VII abolished Holy Roman Emperor’s power to invest bishops. Led to war with Henry IV. Concordat of Worms.

Isabella I. 1451-1504. Queen of Castile. Financed Columbus. United Spain by marrying Ferdinand II. Inquisition.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Károlyi, Mihály. 1875-1955. Hungarian. Sought independence from Austria. President 1919.

Kay, John. 1704-64. Invented flying shuttle, 1733.

Korea. 1C BC Koguryo/Silla/Paekche kingdoms. 676 Silla unified. 935 Koryo dynasty. 1259-1368 Mongol. 1392-1910 Yi dynasty. 1592, 97 Japan invades. 1627, 36 China invades. 1904 Japan occupies. 1945 US/USSR occupies. 1948 Divided: Republic of Korea(S)/Democratic Peoples Republic(N).

Kyi, Aung San Suu. 1945-. Burmese. Leader of nonviolent movement for human rights in Myanmar. House arrest 1989-95.

Lamb, Charles. 1775-1834. English poet and essayist. Essays of Elia 1820-33.

Lancaster. 1399~1471. Dynasty ruling England. Henry IV to VI. War of Roses.

Latimer, Hugh. 1485-1555. English Protestant Reformation churchman. Executed by Mary I.

Lattimore, Owen. 1900-89. US adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. Acquitted of spying 1950 vs US.

LeBougre, Robert. First Inquisitor of HRE, appointed by Gregory IX 1231.

Lenin, Vladimir Illyich. 1870-1924. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary. Dictator 1917-. Created authoritarian, elite, disciplined organization.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Lincoln, Battle. 1217. Henry III defeats nobles supporting Louis VIII of France.

Louis VI. The Fat. 1081-1137. French King 1108-. Fought Henry I.

MacBride, Seán. 1904-88. Irish statesman. Founded Republican Party 1946. Foreign minister 1948-1951. Founder, chairman 1961-75 Amnesty International. Assistant UN Secretary General.

Mad Parliament. 1258. Barons give financial aid to Henry III in exchange for reform. Oxford Provisions.

Margaret of France. 1553-1615. Marriage to Henry IV anulled due to promiscuity. Mémoires.

Marie de Medici. 1573-1642. Queen consort to Henry IV, mother of Louis XIII. Regent 1610-14. Built Luxembourg Palace. Opposed Richelieu. Banished 1630. Died penniless.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary II. 1662-94. Queen of England with William III, 1689-. Expelled her father, James II.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

72 more results ...