Brétigny, Treaty (Calais). 1360. After Poitiers defeat, French John II ransomed for 3M gold crowns; Aquitaine to England.

Brian Boru. 941-1014. King of Munster 964-, unified Ireland, king 1002-. Began O’Brien dynasty.

Brill, Paul. 1554-1626. Flemish Mannerist landscape painter.

British Somaliland. 1880 British protectorate. 1960 +Italian Somaliland =independent Somalia.

British Virgin Is. Arawak. Carib. 1493 Columbus. 1555 Spain. 1648 Dutch. 1666 British settle. 1960 British Crown Colony.

Britons. 6C BC-6C Celtic inhabitants of England.

Brown, Charles. 1771-1810. “Father of American novel”. Wieland 1798.

Brown, Lancelot “Capability”. 1715-83. English landscape architect. Created the definitive “English Garden”: assymmetric, harmonious, accidental. Blenheim. Prior Park.

Bruegel, Jan (Velvet). 1568-1625. Flemish painter of landscape and still life.

Brussels, Treaty. 1948. = Western Union. 50 year alliance of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands. 1954 + W Germany, Italy.

Bull, John. Personification of England popularized by Arbuthnot 1712.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Cabot, John. c1450-99. Genoese explorer for England. Discovered Newfoundland, Labrador, 1497.

Cabot, Sebastian. c1474-1557. Venetian explorer for Spain and England. Hudson’s Bay, South America.

Caledonia. Roman name for north of Britain ≈Scotland.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Campbell, Thomas. 1777-1844. Scottish poet: Pleasures of Hope, Ye Mariners of England.

Canaan. Biblical Palestine. Israeli promised land.

Canada. 1000 Norse visit. 1497 Cabot explores. 1534 French claim Quebec. 1583 English claim, settle Newfoundland. 1605 French settle Quebec. 1763 British conquer French territory. 1867 Independent Dominion. 1870 +northwest territories. 1871 +British Columbia. 1873 +PEI. 1949 +Newfoundland, Labrador.

Canterbury, Archbishop. 597-. Primate of all England. Leader of Anglican church world-wide.

Canute. 994-1035. Firm, but wise King of England, Denmark, Norway. United England, Denmark. 1018.

Cape of Good Hope. Bantu. 1652 Dutch. 1814 British Cape Colony. 1910 Province, South Africa.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Catherine of Valois. 1401-37. Wife of Henry V. Mother of Henry VI and VII of England.Tudor.

Caxton, William. c1422-91. Printed first English book 1473/4. First printer in England, 1476. Published Chaucer, Aesop. First woodcuts appear in Game and Playe of Chesse 1476. First poster 1477.

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