Soane, John. 1753-1837. English Neoclassical architect, collector. Bank of England 1792-1833.

Socinianism. 1550-19C Unitarian-like religious sect. Christ divine by function, not nature. 1658 Poland.

Somalia. 1960 Independent union of British Somaliland + Italian Somaliland.

South Sea Bubble. 1711-20. England sold trade monopolies to reduce National Debt. Their resale at speculative prices led to financial ruin for thousands. George I implicated. Walpole.

Spanish Armada. 1588. English support Dutch Revolt. Philip II sends 129 ships against England. Howard, Drake, Hawkins, with 197 ships, chase the armada from English Channel, thanks to a NW gale. Spain declines as naval power. Wars of Religion.

Spanish Netherlands. 1581-1714. = Belgium, Luxembourg.

Spanish Succession, War. 1701-14. Britain, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs Spain, France. Opposed French Philip V succession to Spanish throne creating power imbalance. Queen Anne’s War.

Speenhamland System. 1795-1834. British welfare system to aid poor.

Sprengtporten, G.M. 1740-1819. Finnish colonel. Finland to join Russian Empire.

Sri Lanka. (Ceylon). Veddah. 5C BC Sinhalese from northern India settle. 1100 Tamil(N)/ Sinh(S). 1505 Portugal. 1656 Netherlands. 1796 British. 1948 Independent. 1972 = Sri Lanka.

St Brice’s Day Massacre. 1002. Ethelred orders killing of Danes in England.

St Kitts and Nevis. St Kitts: Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1623,4 British, French settle, dispute. 1783 British. Nevis: 1628 British settle. 1816 St Kitts +Nevis, Anguilla, Virgin Islands. 1871 Leeward Islands Federation. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla Autonomous. 1980 -Anguilla. 1983 Independent.

Stählberg, Kaarlo. 1865-1952. First President of independent Finland 1919-25. Constitution.

Stanford, Leland. 1824-93. US railroad builder. Stanford University 1885.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Stevenson, Robert Louis. 1850-94. Scottish adventure novelist. Treasure Island 1882. Jekyll and Hyde 1886. Kidnapped 1886.

Still, Andrew. 1828-1917. US osteopathy founder.

Stockholm, Treaty. 1719. Sweden trades land for British aid, sells land to Prussia.

Strathclyde. 6C Celtic kingdom. 756 Northumbria. 921 England. 945 Scotland.

Strickland, Wm. 1787-1854. US Greek Revival architect.

Stuart. Family which ruled Scotland 1371-1714, England 1603-1714.

Stuart, Frances. 1648-1702. “Only true love” of Charles II of England.

Succession States. 1918. Former Austria-Hungary territories: Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Poland, Austria, Hungary.

Sudetenland. German speaking area of Czechoslovakia given to Hitler by Munich Agreement 1938.

Suffrage, Women. 1893 New Zealand. 1902 Australia. 1906 Finland. 1913 Norway. 1915 Denmark. 1917 USSR. 1918 Canada. 1918/28 Britain. Reform Bills. 1920 US. 1971 Switzerland. 1976 Liechtenstein. Not yet in Arab countries. Wyoming.

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