Cardigan, James Brudenell, Earl of. 1797-1868. British General. Led Charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson. Crimean War.

Cards. 7-10C China. 1299 Italy. 1615 English tax.

Carib. Warlike natives of Amazon Basin. 15C conquered Arawak. Cannibals. Decimated by disease. St Vincent.

Caribbean Community. 1973. Eng-speaking terr for economic co-operation. Replaced FTA.

Carissimi, Giacomo. 1604-74. Italian oratorio composer. Widened orchestral instrument variety.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

Carlowitz, Treaty. 1699. Ottoman/Holy League. Austria gains Transylvania, Hungary.

Carlson, Chester. 1906-68. US. Invented xerography, 1940.

Carlyle, Thomas. 1795-1881. Scottish writer: Heroes and Hero Worship 1841. Cromwell’s Letters 1845. -“Britain-the chosen nation”.

Carmen, Bliss. 1861-1929. Canadian lyric poet. Low tide on Grand Pré 1893. Daughters of Dawn 1913.

Carmichael, Hoagie. 1899-1982. US popular jazz composer: Georgia On My Mind 1930.

Carnot, Lazare. 1753-1823. French mathematician. Called “organizer of victory” by Revolutionaries. Member of Directory, Tribunal. Instituted conscription.

Carnot, Sadi. 1796-1832. French discoverer of reversibility of heat and work.

Carol II. 1893-1953. Dictatorial Romanian king 1930-40. Abdicated after losing territory to Russia.

Caroline Affair. 1837. Canadians destroy US vessel at Niagara for supplying rebels. Mackenzie.

Carolingians. French dynasty 751-987. Merovingians. Charlemagne. Holy Roman Empire.

Carothers, Wallace. 1896-1937. Invented nylon, 1935 at duPont.

Carr, Emily. 1871-1945. Canadian writer and primitivist painter. Klee Wick 1941.

Carrera, Rafael. 1814-65. Guatemala revolutionary. Dictator 1840-. Ended CAF, Guatemala independent.

Carter, Jimmy. 1924-. US President 1977-81. Camp David Talks. Habitat for Humanity.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Carthusians. 1084. Strict order of monks founded by St Bruno. Inventors of Chartreuse liqueur.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Carver, John. 1576-1621. English pilgrim, First Governor of Plymouth.

Caryatid. Draped female figure used as arch. column. Esp. Erechtheum, Athens c420BC.

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