Shirikawa. 1053-1129. Japanese Emperor. Abdicated to avoid ceremony. Retained power.

Shockley, William. 1910-89. US. Transistor 1948.

Shogun. Japanese military leaders. 794 Otomaro. 1192-1867 Ruled Japan.

Sholes, Christopher. 1819-90. US co-inventor of typewriter 1868.

Shostakovich, Dmitri. 1906-75. Russian. Composed complex profound intense personal works. Rebuked by Stalin. Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 1934.

Shou Hsing. Chinese god of longevity.

Shrewsbury, Duke of. 1660-1718. English. Influenced Glorious Revolution, Hanoverian succession.

Shu Han. 221-264. Western China dynasty. Conquered by Wei.

Sibelius, Jan. 1865-1957. Finnish composer. Finlandia. Symphonies and tone poems evoke feeling of North. Kulervo Symphony 1892.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

Sibyl. Mythical Greek prophetess. Interceded with gods for humans.

Sicilian Vespers. 1282. Aragon-inspired massacre of French in Sicily. Aragon takes control.

Sicily. c1100BC Sicans. Sicels. Mycenaean. 7C BC Phoenicia(W)/ Gr(E). 241BC Rome. 5C Ostrogoth. 6C Byzantine. 827 Saracen. 1072 Norman. 1130 +Naples. 1197 Hohenstaufen. 1266-82 France. 1302 Aragon. 1443 +Naples=Two Sicilies. 1860 Italy.

Sicyon. 4C BC Ancient Greek city known for artists.

Sidmouth, First viscount. 1757-1844. British Prime Minister 1801-4. Treaty of Amiens. Peterloo Massacre.

Sidney, Philip. 1554-86. English poet. Arcadia 1580. Defence of Poesie 1585.

Siegfried. Dragon slayer of German legend.

Siemens, Werner von. 1816-92. German engineer. Dynamo 1867. Electric Locomotive 1879.

Sienkiewicz, Henryk. 1846-1916. Polish novelist: Slowo Trilogy 1883-88. Quo Vadis 1896.

Sierra Leone. 1462 Portugal discovers. 16C Slave source. 1786 British freed slave colony. 1788 British Crown Colony. 1961 Independent.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Sigismund. 1368-1437. King of Hungary 1387-, Germans 1411-, Lombardy 1431-, HRE 1433-. Helped end Schism. Executed Huss.

Sikkim. c1640 Independent kingdom. 1780 Nepal invades. 1814 Independent. 1861 British protectorate. 1947 Indian suzerainty. 1975 Indian state.

Sikorski, Wladyslaw. 1881-1943. Polish general, Prime Minister. Headed WWII government in exile.

Sikorsky, Igor. 1889-1972. Ukrainian/US. Invented helicopter, 1939.

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