Rotary International. 1905.

Roth, Philip. 1933-. US novelist Goodbye Columbus 1959. Portnoy’s Complaint 1969.

Rothschild, Meyer. 1744-1812. German banking family patriarch.

Rough Riders. 1898. US volunteer cavalry in Spanish American War under Roosevelt. Won San Juan hill.

Round Table Conference. 1930-32. Established federal system, provincial autonomy in India; not implemented.

Roundhead. Derisory term applied to Parliamentarians during English Civil War.

Rousseau, Henri. Le Douanier. 1844-1910. Allegorical Expressionist painter. The Dream. Sleeping Gypsy 1897. Hungry Lion 1905.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Rowley, William. 1585-1642. English actor, playwright. All’s Lost by Lust 1619.

Royal Academy of Arts. 1768. 40 members. Based on Hogarth’s Society of Independent Artists.

Royal Academy of Music. 1822.

Royal Air Force. 1918.

Royal Artillery. 1716.

Royal Ballet. 1956. Academy of Choreographic Art 1926 + Sadler’s Wells 1930.

Royal Hospital. 1685. Chelsea building by Wren.

Royal Scots Guards. 1633. Oldest regular regiment in British Army.

Royal Society. 1660. English publisher of scientific Philosophical Transactions since 1665.

Royal Society of Arts. 1754.

Royal Titles Act. 1876. Declared Victoria Empress of India.

Royaume, Mother. Saved Geneva 1602 by pouring hot stew (and pot) on heads of Savoy soldiers.

Royce, Henry. 1863-1933. Founded Rolls-Royce 1906.

Royce, Josiah. 1855-1916. US Idealist philosopher.

Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Rubicon. Italian river crossed by Caesar to wage war vs Roman Senate 49BC.

Rublyov, Andrei. c1360-1430. Russian icon painter.

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