Plymouth Rock. 1620 landing site of Mayflower.

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Poe, Edgar Allan. 1809-49. US poet and horror story writer: Tales of the Grotesque 1840. Murders in the Rue Morgue 1841. The Raven 1845.

Pogrom. Attack on minority, usually Jews, sanctioned by government. 1881~1906 Russia. 1261 London. Poland, Germany during Hitler regime.

Poincaré, Raymond. 1860-1934. French president 1913-20, Prime Minister 1912~29. Conservative nationalist. Occupied Ruhr.

Pointilism. 1880. Style of dotted art invented by Seurat. Neo-Impressionism.

Poitiers, Battle. 732. Charles Martel halts invasion, saving Europe from Moslem rule. 1356. Edward the Black Prince defeats and captures John II. Brétigny Treaty.

Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

Pole, Edmund de la. 1472-1513. Yorkist claimant to British throne. Beheaded.

Pole, John de la. c1464-91/2. Yorkist claimant to British throne. Killed in battle.

Pole, Reginald. 1500-58. Archbishop of Canterbury. Opposed Reformation.

Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Polish Corridor. 1919-39. Baltic territory dividing east Prussia from Germany. Nazis invade 1939.

Polish Uprising. 1863. January Insurrection.

Politburo. 1917~. Soviet governing body, arm of Communist Party. Abolished by Stalin 1952-66.

Pollaiuolo, Antonio del. 1431/2-98. Florentine bronze sculptor, painter. Pioneered dissection in anatomy. Hercules and Antaeus 1470s. Martyrdom of St. Sebastian 1475.

Polyanov, Peace. 1634. Poland receives Smolensk for recognizing first Romanov czar, Michael.

Polybius. c200-118BC. Greek historian. 40 vol History of Rome.

Polycleitus. 5C BC. Classical Greek sculptor. Proportion and rhythm. Spear Bearer.

Polycrates. -522BC. Samos tyrant c535-. Aided Persians vs Egypt.

Polygnotus. c500-440BC. Classical Greek painter.

Polyphemus. Cyclops blinded by Ulysses.

Polytheism. Belief in multiple gods.

Pomerania. Baltic area including Danzig. Independent duchy 11-17C.

Pompeii. Destroyed 79 by Vesuvius eruption. Rediscovered 1592.

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