Bacon, Francis. 1561-1626. English chancellor and philosopher. First king’s counsel. Favoured inductive over deductive reasoning. Separated Science from religion. New Atlantis 1625. B. Scientific method: Novum Organum 1620. Essays 1625.

Bacon, Henry. 1866-1924. US classical revival architect. Lincoln Memorial 1911.

Bacon, Roger. 1214-94. English Franciscan monk. Advocated scientific experiment, observation. Alchemist. Formulated gunpowder. Magnifying glass 1250. Opus Majus 1266.Telescope.

Bactria. c1500BC Aryan. 545BC Persia. 328BC Alexander. 256BC-140 Graeco-Bactria. Badakhshan. 7C Moslem. 1220 Genghis Khan. Now Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.

Baden. 1112 Margravate. 1771 Grand Duchy. 1848 Republic. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Republic. 1934 Germany.

Baden-Powell, Robert. 1857-1941. English General, founded Boy Scouts 1908; Girl Guides with sister Agnes, 1910.

Badr, Battle. 624. Muhammad’s first military victory. Defeats Umayyad caravan.

Baer, Karl. 1792-1876. Estonian/German naturalist: founded science of embryology. Discovered ovum 1827.

Bagehot, Walter. 1826-77. English social scientist/ essayist. The English Constitution 1867. Physics and Politics 1872. Lombard St. 1873.

Baha’ism. 1863-. Founded by Baha (1817-92), disciple of Bab. Religion advocating world peace, through unification of mankind.

Bahrain. 1521 Portugal. 1602 Persia. 1783 Khalifa dynasty. 1861 British protectorate. 1971 Independent.

Baïf, Jean Antoine de. 1532-89. French Pléiade poet. New metrical forms. Founded Academy of Music and Poetry 1571, in Paris.

Bailey, Donald. 1901-85. British inventor of portable Bailey bridge 1941.

Bailey, Old. London Law Courts. Building 1907.

Bailly, Jean. 1736-93. French astronomer. Paris mayor, 1789-91. Led Tennis Court Oath. Guillotined.

Bain, Alexander. 1818-1903. Scottish pragmatist philosopher, psychologist. Logic 1870.

Baksar, Battle. 1764. British victory. Confirmed control over Bengal.

Bakunin, Mikhail. 1814-76. Russian anarchist revolutionary. International movement. Advocated assassination. Dieu et l’état 1871.

Balaklava, Battle. 1854. Crimean War. Indecisive British victory at high cost. Charge of Light Brigade.

Balder. Scandinavian god of peace, felled by Hoder’s mistletoe arrow.

Baldwin, James. 1924-87. US writer of black experience. Another Country 1962. Go Tell it on the Mountain 1953.

Baldwin, Stanley. 1867-1947. British Conservative Prime Minister. 1923~37. General Strike. Opposed rearmament. “Safety First”.

Balearic Is. 654BC Phoenicia. 123BC Rome. 426 Vandal. 798 Moor. 1229 Independent Christian. 1349 Aragon. 1713 Brit (Minorca). 1802 Spain.

Balewa, Abubakar. 1912-66. First Nigerian Prime Minister 1957-. Assassinated by Ibos.

Balfour Declaration. 1917. British support Jewish homeland in Palestine. Endorsed 1919 by Allies. Zionism.

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