Partisans. Armed resistance in occupied territory. Yugoslav resistance under Tito, 1941-5.

Pascal, Blaise. 1623-62. French mathematician, Jansenist philosopher, physician. Calculator 1642.Barometer 1646. Syringe 1648. Hydraulics. Probability 1654. Pensées 1670.

Paschal II. -1118. Italian pope 1099-. Investiture Controversy.

Pasic, Nikola. 1845-1926. Serbian radical. First Yugoslav Prime Minister 1921-.

Passarowitz, Treaty. 1718. Venice cedes Peloponnesus to Ottomans. Ends Turkish War.

Passchendaele, Battle. 1917 Limit of British/Canadian advance WWI, Ypres. 300,000 casualties. 1918 Germans first use of mustard gas.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Pastry War. 1838-9. France blockades Mexico. Wins cook’s 1828 damage claims.

Patay, Battle. 1429. French rout British. Charles VII crowned. Orléans. Joan of Arc.

Pater, Walter. 1839-94. English critic devoted to ideal. Studies in History of Renaissance. Marcus the Epicurean.

Paton, Alan. 1903-88. South African writer. Cry the Beloved Country 1948.

Patrick, St. c389-461. Patron saint of Ireland. Introduced monasticism. Converted Irish. Said to have invented Irish Whiskey 450.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Paul VI. 1897-1978. Pope 1963-. Encyclical on birth control.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Paulicians. 7-11C. Heretical Gnostic dualistic Christian sect.

Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pausanius. c143-76. Lydian traveller, guidebook writer. Descriptions of Greece.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pavlov, Ivan. 1849-1936. Russian physiologist: discovered conditioned response.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Paxton, Joseph. 1801-65. English architect. Crystal Palace 1851.

Paz, Octavio. 1914-98. Mexican poet. La estacíon violenta. Labyrinth of Solitude 1950.

Pazzi Conspiracy. 1478. Failed attempt to depose Medicis in Florence.

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