Ney, Michel. 1769-1815. Marshal under Napoleon. Shot after second Restoration. “Bravest of the brave”-Napoleon.

Nezahvualcoyotl. 15C Aztec poet, philosopher, architect. King of Texcoco.

Nguyen. 1802-1945. Last Vietnam dynasty.

Nguyen van Thieu. 1923-. South Vietnam president 1967-75.

Niagara Falls. Discovered 1678 by French priest Louis Hennepin.

Nicaea. 4C BC Greco-Turkish city. Now Izmik.

Nicaea, Council. 325. Debate of Athanasius and Arius resolved Nicene Creed, not Easter dates. 787. Temporarily resolved Iconoclasm.

Nicaea, Empire. 1204-61. Byzantine state reconquered Latin Empire to restore Byzantine Empire.

Nicene Creed. 325. Tenets of Christian faith. Interpretation of Trinity, adding filioque led to East-West Schism. Nicaea.

Nicephorus I. -811. Byzantine Emperor 802-. Agreement with Charlemagne led to Empire of the West.

Nicephorus II Phocas. 912-69. Byzantine Emperor 963-. Resurgence of Byzantine power.

Nicholas I. 1796-1855. Czar 1825-. Autocratic. Russification of Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Baltic. Established Third Section. Policy of autocracy, orthodoxy, Nationalism.

Nicholas V. 1397-1455. Pope 1447-. Founded Vatican library.

Nicholas of Cusa. 1401-64. German. Proposed heliocentricity, calendar reform 1429. De Docta Ignorantia 1440. “A learned man is one who is aware of his own ignorance.”

Nicias. -413BC. Athenian commander. Syracuse siege.

Nicodemus. Jewish elder. Helped bury Jesus.

Niemeyer, Oscar. 1907-. Brazilian architect: Brasilia.

Nigeria. c5C BC Nok. c12C Yoruba(SW). 13C Hausa(N)/Kanem-Bornu/Ibo(E). 15C Portugal reach. Slave source. 1851 British colony. 1884 British protectorate. 1960 Independent. 1963 Republic. 1993-98 Abacha military dictatorship. Biafra.

Nightingale, Florence. 1820-1910. English pioneer of nursing in Crimean War. “The lady with the lamp.”

Nihilistm. 19C Russian philosophy of skepticism associated with disheveled revolutionaries. Utilitarianism and rationalism.

Nijinsky, Vaslaw. 1890-1950. Russian ballet dancer of Diaghilev Company.

Nike. Greek winged goddess of victory.

Nikolsburg, Treaty. 1621. Austria regained Hungarian crown, Transylvania enlarged.

Nineteen Propositions. 1642. Parliament’s demands, rejected by Charles I. Civil War.

Ninety-five Theses. 1517. Document Luther nailed to Wittenburg church door. Began Reformation.

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