Augsburg, Peace. 1555. Allowed both Lutheranism and Catholicism within Holy Roman Empire.

Augsburg League. 1686-9. Holy Roman Empire and allies vs France. Replaced by Grand Alliance.

Augustine, St. 354-430. Author of Confessions, City of God. Bishop of Hippo. “God is omnipotent.” Introduced Neoplatonic Determinism to Christianity. Church should rule state.

Augustine of Canterbury, St. -c605. Apostle of England 597. First Archbishop of Canterbury 601. Converted King Ethelbert of Kent.

Aulic Council. 1498-1806. Court of Holy Roman Empire. Derived from Maximilian’s personal council.

Ausgleich. 1867-1918. Split Empire into Austria and Hungary monarchies.

Austen, Jane. 1775-1817. English novelist: Sense and Sensibility, 1811, Pride and Prejudice, 1813. “the exquisite touch which renders the commonplace interesting”-W. Scott. Emma 1816.

Australia. c28,000BC Australoids. 1606 Sighted by Portuguese. 1668 Dampier lands. 1770 Cook claims for England. 1788-1868 Penal colonies. 1901 Independent commonwealth.

Australopithecus. Hominid ancestor to man, discovered in Africa. Lived 1 to 5 million years ago.

Austrasia. 511-751. East Frankish kingdom. Part of Merovingian Empire. 7C Mayors of Palace held power. Carolingian Empire. Clovis. Neustria.

Austria. 400BC Celts. 15BC Rome. 5-7C Huns, Avars ravage. 6C Slovenes settle 8C Charlemagne. 9C Magyar. 955 Otto I...962 HRE. 976 Babenberg(E). 1278 Hapsburg. 1453 Archduchy. 1804 Austrian Empire. 1867 Ausgleich. 1918 Republic. 1938 Germany. 1945 Republic. 1955 Independence from Allies.

Austria-Hungary. 1867-1918 Dual monarchy. Ausgleich.

Austrian Empire. 1804-67. Slowly disintegrating last remnant of Holy Roman Empire.

Austrian State Treaty, 1955. Ended Allied occupation of Austria.

Austrian Succession, War. 1740-48. Jenkins Ear and King George’s Wars. Maria Theresa recognized. Francis I becomes Holy Roman Emperor. Prussian power shown. Aix-la-Chapelle Treaty. Silesian War.

Austro-Prussian War. 1866. Austria excluded from German Confederation. Austrian influence in Italy ended. Dual Monarchy.

Austro-Turkish War. 1682-99. Siege of Vienna. Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I drives Turks from Hungary.

Auto-da-fé. (Act of Faith). 1481-1850. Sentencing ceremony of Inquisition.

Autobahn. German road system begun by Hitler to reduce unemployment, 1934.

Autumn Harvest Uprising. 1927. Failed Chinese peasant revolt led by Mao.

Avalon. Elysium of Arthurian legend.

Avars. 6-8C. Nomadic Caucasus tribe defeated by Charlemagne.

Avernus. Crater lake, believed by Romans to be Hell’s entrance.

Averroës, Ibn Rushd. 1126-98. Arab philosopher: eternity of creation, universal shared consciousness.

Avicenna, Ali ibn-Sina. 980-1037. Arab physician, philosopher: Canon of Medicine.

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