Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Messiah. Redeemer of Christianity, Judaism, Islam who would come from God to save humanity.

Messina. 730BC Greek. 396BC Carthage. 264BC Independent. 535 Byzantine. 843 Saracens sack. 1061 Norman...«Sicily.

Metaphysical Painting. 1911-20. Bizarre surreal imagery in stark landscape. De Chirico.

Metaphysical Poets. 17C. Witty English intellectual lyric poets. Donne.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metchnikov, Ilya. 1845-1916. Russian zoologist, microbiologist. Discovered phagocytosis 1886.

Metellus, Macedonicus. -115BC. Roman censor. Advocated compulsory marriage to increase birthrate 131BC.

Methodism. Protestant religious movement founded by Wesley 1729. Moravian, Calvinistic evangelical.

Methuen Treaty. 1703-1836. Reduced duty on port wine to England, textiles to Portugal. Hindered Portuguese industrial development.

Methusaleh. Biblical patriarch. Lived 969 years.

Metric System. 1795 France.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

Mexico.c1200-100BC Olmec. c300-900 Maya, Zapotec. c900-1200 Toltec. 14C Aztec. 1519-21 Cortes conquers = New Spain. 1821 Independent. 1822 Empire. 1824 Republic/Dictatorship. 1836 -Texas. 1848 -western US. 1863 French occupy. 1867 Independent republic. 1876-1911 Díaz dictator.

Meyer, Adolf. 1866-1950. Swiss/US psychiatrist. -“mental hygiene”.

Meyer, Lothair. 1830-95. Periodic structure 1870, indepently. Mendeleyev.

Meyerbeer, Giacomo. 1791-1864. German operatic composer of French opera. Les Huguenots 1836.

MI5. 1909. British Security Service responsible for counterintelligence and internal security.

Michael. 1596-1645. Russian czar 1613-. First of Romanov dynasty.

Michael. Christian/Jewish/Moslem archangel. Leads battle vs evil spirits.

Michael VIII. 1224-82. Byzantine Emperor 1259-. Won Constantinople from Latins. Founded Paleologus dynasty.

Michelin, Édouard. 1859-1940. First removable pneumatic tires for bicycles 1888, for cars 1895.

Michelson, Albert. 1852-1931. Polish/US physicist. With Morley, disproved existence of ether 1887. Measured speed of light.

Midas. 7C BC King of Phrygia. Everything he touched, turned to gold.

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