Joshua. Old Testament hero. Led conquest of Canaan. Destroyed Jericho.

Josiah. c640-609BC. King of Judah. Deuteronomy found in Temple. Religious reforms.

Joule, James. 1818-89. English physicist. Mechanics of energy. Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy unit, 1843.

Jourdan, Jean. 1762-1833. French Revolutionary marshal. Introduced conscription 1798. Victor at Fleurus.

Joyce, James. 1882-1941. Innovative Irish writer in Stream of Consciousness style. Experimented with linguistic techniques. Dubliners 1914. Portrait of the Artist 1916. Ulysses 1922. Finnegan’s Wake 1939.

Judaism. Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham, who had covenant with God. Branches include: Orthodox. 19C-. Rigorous adherence to original Jewish Law; Rabbinic. 70-18C. Priest replaced by Rabbi. Sacrifice...Study of Torah. Temple...Synagogue; Reform. 19C. Modern liberal interpretation of Judaism. Hasidism. Mishna. Moses.

Judas Iscariot. c30. Apostle who betrayed Jesus. Suicide.

Jude, St. Apostle of Jesus. Martyred in Persia.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

Julius II. 1443-1513. Pope 1503-. Joined Holy League vs France. Patron of Michelangelo, Raphael. Swiss Guards.

July Conspiracy. Stauffenberg.

July Monarchy. Rule of Louis-Philippe.

July Offensive. Kerensky Offensive.

July Ordinances. 1830. Charles X attempts to censor press and alter electoral process causing July Revolution.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

June Days. 1848. Paris workers uprising. Cavaignac’s military rule kills 10,000 to restore order.

June Offensive. Kerensky Offensive.

Jung, Karl. 1875-1961. Swiss psychiatrist. Synchronicity-theory that related events occur at the same time without connecting cause. Astrology. Psychology of the Unconscious 1912. Extrovert. Introvert. Collective Unconscious.

Junkers. Prussian landowner class. Dominated admin., military.

Junta. Emergency administrative council. Often after an overthrow of existing government.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Jutes. Germanic tribe who invaded England 5C. Established Canterbury.

Kadar, János. 1912-89. Hungarian Prime Minister 1956~65. Communist First Secretary.

Kadet. 1905-17. Russian moderate party in Duma.

Kafka, Franz. 1883-1924. Czech introspective writer. Alienation of modern man. The Trial 1925. The Castle 1926. Published posthumously.

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