Hiram. 989-936BC. King of Tyre 969-. Helped build Soloman’s Temple of Jerusalem 950BC.

Hirohito. 1901-89. Emperor of Japan, 1926-. Renounced his own divinity. WWII.

Hiroshima. Japanese city destroyed 1945 by first A-bomb. 75000 killed.

Hiss, Alger. 1904-96. Alleged communist spy in US State Department. Jailed for perjury 1950-4.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Hitchcock, Alfred. 1899-1980. English/US horror film maker. 39 Steps 1935. Psycho 1960.

Hittites. c2300-1170BC. Asia Minor Empire c1400-. Discovered iron smelting. Hieroglyphics.

Ho Hsien-ku. Only female of Eight Immortals of Taoism.

Hobbes, Thomas. 1588-1679. English Materialist Determinist philosopher. Nominalist. Royalist. Good is that which brings pleasure; evil, pain. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Elements of Law 1640. Leviathan 1651.

Hobson, John. 1858-1940. British pre-Keynesian economist. Imperialism 1902.

Hochelaga. -c1600. Iroquois village at site of Montreal. Discovered 1535 by Cartier.

Hodler, Ferdinand. 1853-1918. Swiss Symbolist artist. The Night 1890.

Hofmann. Synthetic rubber, 1909.

Hogarth, William. 1697-1764. English satirical mural painter. Founded Royal Academy 1739. Rake’s Progress 1732. Marriage à la Mode 1744. Pantheon 1764.

Hogue, La. Battle. 1692. England defeats French navy to prevent invasion.

Hohenstaufen. German dynasty. Ruled Holy Roman Empire 1138-1254. Welfs.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Hojo. 1199-1333. Japanese shogun dynasty.

Holbach, Paul, Baron d’. 1723-89. French Materialist philosopher and Encyclopaedist.

Holbein, Hans, the Younger. 1497-1543. German/English Realist portrait painter. St. Mary 1525. Danse Macabre 1526. Henry VIII 1540.

Holst, Gustav. 1874-1934. British composer: original style, harmonic experiments. Planets 1918.

Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.

Holy Grail. Cup used by Jesus at Last Supper.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

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