Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Gettysburg, Battle. 1863. Union victory. Turning point in Civil War.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Ghazali, al-. 1058-1111. Islamic Sufi philosopher, mystic.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Ghaznavid. 977-1186. Turkish dynasty in Iran, Afghanistan, India.

Ghent, Treaty. 1814. Britain, US end Anglo-American War on pre-war conditions.

Ghetto. Jewish area of cities, esp: 1556-1885 Rome; 1239 Valencia; 1462 Frankfurt; 1516 Venice; 1066-1291 Old Jewry, London; 1939 Warsaw.

Ghiberti, Lorenzo. c1378-1455. Florentine naturalistic sculptor and architect. John the Baptist 1414. Florence Baptistery doors 1425-50.

Gibbons, Orlando. 1583-1625. English polyphonic composer.

Gibraltar. 711 Moors. 1462 Spanis. 1704 British. Treaty of Utrecht.

Gilbert, Humphrey. c1539-83. Claimed Newfoundland for England, 1583.

Gilbert, William. 1540-1603. English scientist. Earth’s magnetic field, 1600. Coined term ’electricity’.

Gilded Age. Post American Civil War period of materialism, questionable ethics. Named by Mark Twain.

Gilgamesh. Legendary Babylonian king. Epic 2000BC includes Great Flood.

Gillespie, Dizzy. 1917-93. US jazz, big band performer/leader. Founder of Bebop.

Gillette, King. 1855-1932. US safety razor, blade inventor.

Giotto. c1266-1337. Florentine fresco painter. First to abandon Byzantine style. Arena Chapel frescoes 1305. Madonna and Child c1314.

Giscard d’Éstaing, Valéry. 1926-. French UDF President 1974-81.

Giza. Pyramids. 2613-2500BC. 7 Wonder.

Gladstone, William. 1809-98. English Liberal reform Prime Minister 1868~94. Secret ballot. Public Education. Irish land reforms.

Glasnost. Openness. Gorbachev’s policy to promote freedom of expression, reduce secrecy.

Globe Theatre. 1599-1644. Venue for Shakespeare’s plays, London.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Glyndwr, Owain. Glendower, Owen.

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