Gabrieli, Giovanni. c1557-1612. Nephew of A. Wrote sacred symphonies of voice and instrument.

Gadsden Purchase. 1853. US buys land from Mexico.

Gag Rules. 1836-44. Prevented discussion of anti-slavery bills in US Congress.

Gagarin, Yuri. 1934-68. Soviet cosmonaut, first man in space, 1961.

Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Galahad. Chaste Arthurian knight. Lancelot’s son. Holy Grail.

Galatea. Sea nymph. Lover of Acis.

Galatia. 275BC Area of Turkey taken by Gauls. 189BC Romans conq.

Galbraith, John K. 1908-2006. Can/US Keynesian economist. Affluent Society 1958.

Galen. 129-c200. Greek doctor. Methods used 1000 years.

Galician Offensive. Kerensky Offensive.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gall, Franz. 1758-1828. Phrenology founder 1770.

Galland, Antoine. 1646-1715. French translator of Arabian Nights, introduced the story to Europe 1704.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Gallicanism. 13-19C. French Catholic independence from papal authority. Conciliarism vs Ultramontanism.

Gallienus, Publius. -268 Roman Emperor. 253-. Lost Gaul, eastern areas. Revolt of 30 Tyrants.

Gallipoli. 1915-16. Unsuccessful Allied attempt to secure Dardanelles from Turkey. Churchill resigns as Lord of Admiralty.

Galloway, Joseph. c1731-1803 British loyalist leader in American Revolution. Peaceful settlement proposal defeated.

Galsworthy, John. 1867-1933. British writer. Forsythe Saga 1906-21.

Galton, Francis. 1822-1911. English founder of Eugenics. Hereditary Genius 1869.

Galvani, Luigi. 1737-98. Italian physiologist. Electrical stimulation of frog’s legs 1780.

Gálvez, Bernardo de. c1746-86. Spanish Governor of Louisiana 1777-83. Viceroy of New Spain 1785-.

Gambia, The. 1455 Portugal discovers. 1588 British settle. 17-18C French, British dispute. 1843 British Crown Colony. 1965 Independent. 1970 Republic.

Gambrinus. Legendary Flemish king, beer inventor.

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