Gobineau, Joseph. 1816-82. Rationalized anti-semitism and Aryan supremacy. Essay on Inequality of Human Races 1353-5.

Godoy, Manuel de. 1767-1851. Spanish Prime Minister 1792~1808. Battle of Trafalgar and Fontainebleau Treaty.

Godwin. -1053. English Earl. Exiled 1051. Invaded England 1052.

Goebbels, Joseph. 1897-1945. Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda 1933-. Suicide.

Goes, Hugo van der. c1440-82. Flemish painter. Mystical, emotional. Portinari Altarpiece c1476.

Gog and Magog. Giants of Albion.

Gold Coast. 1481 Portugal. 1642 Dutch. 1874 Britain. 1957 Independent +British Togoland = Ghana.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Goodman, Benny. 1909-86. US clarinetist/ bandleader. “King of Swing”.

Gordian Knot. Cut by Alexander in Phrygia 333BC.

Gordon Riots. 1780. NoPopery Riots led by Lord Gordon to demand Catholic Relief Act repeal.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Goths. Germanic people of S Scandinavia. Invaded Europe, 3-4C. Visigoths and Ostrogoths.

Gottfried von Strassbourg. 13C. German poet. Tristan and Isolde.

Goya, Francisco. 1746-1828. Spanish painter and engraver of macabre. Horrors of War 1811.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grand Palais. Built for 1900 World Exhibition in Paris.

Grand Remonstrance. 1641. Grievances presented to Charles I by Long Parliament.

Grande Armée. 1805-12. Napoleon’s 1,000,000 man army; combined smaller armies for central control.

Grande Gallery of Louvre. Longest gallery in the world, 300m.

Grandee. 13C-. Highest rank of Spanish nobility.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Grands-Augustins, Quai de. 1313. Oldest quay in Paris, by Philip the Fair.

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