Marmousets. Advisers to French Charles V and VI.

Marne, Battle. 1914. Paris defence vs Germans. Joffre. 1918 Allied victory is turning point in WWI. Foch.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Martha. Sister of Mary and Lazarus. Symbol of active life.

Marvell, Andrew. 1621-78. English satirical poet. To His Coy Mistress. Poems on Affairs of State 1689.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary II. 1662-94. Queen of England with William III, 1689-. Expelled her father, James II.

Mary of Burgundy. 1457-82. Duchess. Marriage to Maximilian I gave Netherlands to Hapsburgs.

Maugham, W. Somerset. 1874-1965. British cosmopolitan Humanist writer. Of Human Bondage 1915. Short Stories. Moon and Sixpence 1919.

Mavrokordátos, Aléxandros. 1791-1835. Greek revolutionary leader vs Turkey. Prime Minister 1833,44,54-55.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Mazepa, Ivan. 1644-1709. Cossack. Fought for Ukraine independence from Poland.

McClure, Robert. 1807-73. British naval commander. First Northwest Passage crossing by boat and sledge 1853-4.

McCrae, John. 1872-1918. Canadian physician/poet. In Flanders Fields.

McNaughton, Andrew. 1887-1966. Canadian WWII commander in England. Invented direction finder.

Mellon, Andrew. 1855-1937. US financier. Donated art, money to found National Gallery.

Menander. 342-292BC. Greek comic dramatist. Dyscolus 316BC.

Menelaus. King of Sparta. Husband of Helen of Troy.

Menes. c3100BC. Egyptian king. United Upper and Lower Egypt.

Menshikov, Aleksandr. c1672-1729. Ruled Russia for Catherine I.

Mercantilism. 16-18C. Economic policy opposed to Adam Smith’s. Regulation of industry and trade. Large armies. Wealth of nation is its gold.

Mercia. 7C-877. Anglo-Saxon kingdom in central England. Conquered by Danes, Wessex.

Meredith, George. 1828-1909. English manners novelist. Intellectual, witty and poetic. Ordeal 1859. Egoist 1879. Dianna of the Crossways 1885.

Merezhkovsky, Dmitri. 1865-1941. Russian historical novelist. Christ and Antichrist 1896-1905.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

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