Miltriades. c540-489BC. Victorious commander at Marathon.

Milvian Bridge. 109BC. Over Tiber R. Constantine defeats Maxentius 312.

Minoans. 3000-1100BC. Cretan civilization. Maritime power. Minos.

Mistral, Frédéric. 1830-1914. French Provençale revival poet. Mirèi 1859. Félibrige 1878.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Moldova. 1924. Bessarabia + part of former Moldavia. 1940 Moldavian SSR. 1991 Independent Republic. CIS.

Molinism. Doctrine of Spanish Jesuit, Molina 1535-1600. Reconciled free will and divine grace.

Molotov. 1890-1986. Soviet Stalinist Prime Minister 1930-41.

Monasticism. Seeking of spiritual perfection by living apart from society.

Monophysitism. 4C- Heretical Christian doctrine. Jesus has single divine nature. Coptics. Monothelitism. Nestorianism. Dualism. Chalcedon.

Monothelitism. 622-713. Christian heresy. Jesus had human and divine natures but only divine will. Monophysitism.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Monticello. 1770. Federalist style Virginian estate of Jefferson.

Montrose, James Graham, Marq. of. 1612-50. Scottish general for Charles I in Civil War. Executed.

Montrose Campaign. 1644-5. Scotland defeats England in Civil War.

Moravia. 5C Slavs settle. 9C Empire. 1029 Bohemia. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German protectorate. 1993 Czech Republic.

Moravia, Alberto. 1907-90. Italian novelist of social alienation. The Conformist 1951.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

More, Thomas. 1477-1535. English humanist, statesman. Utopia 1516, described ideal cooperative democracy. Executed by Henry VIII for opposing Act of Supremacy. Catholic saint.

Mormons. 1830-. Latter Day Saints. Christian sect founded by Joseph Smith after divine revelation. Settled Utah. Founded Salt Lake City 1847.

Morocco. c2000BC Berbers. c12C BC Phoenecians settle. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 533 Byzantine. 682 Moslem. 739 Berber revolt. 788 Idrisid dynasty. 1061 Almoravid. 1147 Almohad. 1269 Marinids. 1550 Saadis. 1666 Alawis. 1668 Berber. 18C French influence. 1912 Spanish(N)/French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Ceuta. Melilla.

Mortmain. Land ownership by a corporation unable to die or provide services.

Mosadeq, Mohammed. 1880-1967. Iran Prime Minister. Nationalized oil 1951. Briefly forced out Shah 1953. Pyjama speeches.

Moscow School. 14-16C Icon painting. Curving planes, subtle colors.

Mountbatten, Louis, First earl. 1900-79. British admiral and statesman. Allied commander SE Asia. Last Viceroy of India. Killed by IRA terrorists.

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