Georgia. 6C BC Achaemenid. 4C BC Alexander. 65BC Rome. 330 Christian. 4-5C Sassanids, Byzantine dispute. 6C Sass. 7C Moslem. 8C 2 Kingdoms. c1000 United. 1220 Mongol(E). 14C United. 15C Turk/Persian. 1801 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1921 Soviet Republic. 1991 Independent. CIS.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

German-Soviet Pact. 1939-41. Nonaggression agreement. Divided Poland, Baltic between USSR/Germany. Left Hitler free to invade Poland, starting WWII.

Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Gettysburg, Battle. 1863. Union victory. Turning point in Civil War.

Ghaznavid. 977-1186. Turkish dynasty in Iran, Afghanistan, India.

Ghirlandaio, Dominico del. 1449-1494. Florentine painter. Frescoes. Birth of the Virgin 1485-90.

Gilded Age. Post American Civil War period of materialism, questionable ethics. Named by Mark Twain.

Godwin, William. 1756-1836. English atheist philosopher, author. Anarchism. Cooperation is evil. Things as they Are 1794.

Gogh, Vincent Van. Van Gogh.

Golden Hind. Drake’s flagship; only one to finish circumnavigation.

Goldsmith, Oliver. 1730-74. Irish Writer: Vicar of Wakefield 1766; She Stoops to Conquer 1773.

Goliath. c11C BC. Philistine giant slain by David.

Gonçalves, Nuno. 15C. Founded Portugal school of painting. Sao Vicente altarpiece.

Gorboduc. Legendary English king. Sackville.

Gotham. English villagers, to avoid expense of entertaining King John, pretended to be fools.

Goths. Germanic people of S Scandinavia. Invaded Europe, 3-4C. Visigoths and Ostrogoths.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Granicus, Battle. 334BC. Alexander’s First victory; defeats Darius III of Persia.

Grant, Ulysses S. 1822-85. Commander-in-Chief Union army 1864-5 in US Civil War. President 1869-77.

Great Awakening. 1720-60. US religious revival.

Great Intercourse. 1495. Henry VIII, Philip of Burgundy trade treaty.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Greek Civil War. 1944-9. Communist insurrection defeated with British/US help.

Greenbacks. US banknotes issued to support Civil War not backed by gold.

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