Andalusia. Region of S Spain. 9C BC Phoenecia. 210BC Rome. 5C Vandal, Visigoth. 8C Moslem. 14C Christian. 1492 Castile.

Andorra. Ibericbasc. Greeks/Carthaginians/Romans/Visigoths 8C Muslim. 803 Charlemagne. 1133 Bishop of Urgell. 1159 Fiefdom of Foix. 1278- Principality under joint French, Spanish suzerainty. 1993 Constitution. Coprincipality.

Andropov, Yuri. 1914-84. Soviet chief of state, 1984: advocated efficiency.

Andrusov, Treaty. 1667. Ended Russo-Polish War. Divided Ukraine.

Angevin Dynasty. Descendants of French House of Anjou. France -1480. Plantagenet Kings of England 1154-1485. Charles I of Anjou.

Anglo-Soviet Agreement. 1941. 20 year pledge against Nazi Germany and Axis powers.

Anjou. Region, former province of western France. Under English 1151-1204, 1360. 1480 France. Angevin.

Annam. 2000BC Kingdom in north Vietnam 1883 French protectorate.

Anne of Bretagne. 1477-1514. Wife of Charles VIII, 1491, then of Louis XII, 1499. Began union of Brittany with France.

Anne of Cleves. 1515-57. Fourth wife of Henry VIII. Divorced.

Ansgar, St. 801-65. Patron saint of Scandinavia.

Antarctica. 1773 Cook explores seas. 1820 first sighted. Bransfield. 1821 first landing-Davis. 1911 Amundsen first to S Pole.

Antony, Mark. c83-30BC. Caesar’s lieutenant. Triumvirate 43-32. Defeated at Actium with Cleopatra. Suicide.

Anvil, Operation. 1944. Allied invasion of south France.

Anville, J.B. d’. 1697-1782. French cartographer known for accuracy.

Apelles. 4C BC. Greek painter. No surviving works.

Apollinarianism. 4C Christian heresy. Jesus not truly human because of his divine nature.

Apollodorus. 5C BC. Athenian painter. Shading. No surviving work.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Aquitaine. 1C BC Rome. 5C Visigoth. 507 Franks. 700 Independent. 1137 French. 1152 English 1453 French.

Arabesque. Style characterized by entwined vines, leaves.

Argentina. Tehuelch, Querandi, Puelche, Inca. 1536 Spanish. 1776 Viceroyalty of La Plata. 1816 Independent United Province of La Plata. 1862 =Argentina. 1943 Peron. 1982 Falklands War. 2001 Economic collapse.

Ariosto, Ludovico. 1474-1533. Italian Renaissence poet, playwright: Orlando Furioso 1516.

Aristocracy. Gov’t by a privileged class.

Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.

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