Edmund I. 921-46. King of England 939-. Recaptured north England from Norse. Monastic revival.

Edward, The Black Prince. 1330-76. Son of Edward III. Victor at Poitiers, 1356. Captured John II of France.

Edward IV. 1442-83. First York king of England. 1461~83. Revived monarch’s power. Wars of Roses.

Edward VI. 1537-53. King of England and Ireland, 1547-. Protestant reform. Named Jane Grey as successor.

Edward VII. 1841-1910. King of UK, 1901-. Founded Order of Merit 1902. Promoted Anglo-French relations.

Edward VIII. 1894-1972. King of UK 1936. Abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson, became Duke of Windsor.

Egeria. Roman goddess who advised Numa Pompilius.

Ehrenburg, Ilia. 1891-1967. Soviet writer.

Einstein, Albert. 1879-1955. German/Swiss/US physicist. Special Theory of Relativity 1905. Quantum theory 1905. General Theory of Relativity 1916. Pacifist, Zionist.

El Salvador. Nahua, Pipil, Maya. 1524 Spain 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1840 Independent. 1980-92 Civil war.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Eliot, George. (Mary Ann Evans). 1819-90. English psychological novelist: Adam Bede 1859; Silas Marner 1861. Translated Strauss.

Elizabeth. 1709-62. Empress of Russia, 1741-. Eliminated German influence. Coup vs Ivan VI.

Elizabeth, St. Mother of John the Baptist. Sister of Virgin Mary.

Elzevir. 16-18C. Family of Dutch printers of classics.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

English Civil War. 1642-9. King vs Parliament. Charles beheaded. Monarchy abolished. Commonwealth. Cromwell. Covenanters.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Enver Pasha. 1881-1922. Young Turk leader. Revolt, 1908. WWI. Ruled with Triumvirate. 1913-18. Talât Pasha.

Epoch of Civil War. 1863-80. Colombian liberals vs conservatives. Núñez forms coalition.

Eritrea. 2-9C Aksumite (Ethiopian) Empire. 16C Ottoman. 17-19C Dispute. 1889 Italy. 1941 Britain. 1952 Autonomous within Ethiopian Empire. 1962 Ethiopian province. 1993 Independent.

Escurial. 1557. Spanish monastery near Madrid built by Philip II to commemorate St-Quentin victory.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

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