Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

Childebert. -558. Son of Clovis. Frankish king, 511-. Built St-Germaine de Prés for relics from Spain.

Childeric III. Last Merovingian King of France -751.

Chinese Civil War. 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion. 1622- Red Hat Rebellion. 1946-9 Communists rebel vs Kuomintang. People’s Republic established.

Chinese Examination System. 124BC-1905. Civil service exams testing knowledge of Confucius.

Chkheidze, Nikolai. 1864-1926. Russ. Menshevik leader.

Chu Hsi. 1130-1200. Chinese Neo-Confucian. Four Books 1189. Individual goodness can be brought out by study of the classics.

Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. 1947-. US information gathering agency. Replaced OSS. National Security Act. Activities: 1953 Iran. 1954 Guatemala. 1967 Guevara. 1973 Chile. 1976 Nigeria.

Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

CIS. 1991. Commonwealth of Independent States led by Russia. Ukraine, Belarus. Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Civil Rights Movement. 1950-91. US movement to obtain rights for blacks. 1955 Parks. 1963 March on Washington. King speech. 1991 Civil Rights Act.

Clare, Richard de. 1222-62. Led Barons. Provisions of Oxford.

Clement V. Pope 1305-14. Moved papacy to Avignon. Dissolved Knights Templar 1312. Prohibited usury.

Clement VII. Antipope 1378-94. Avignon. Election caused Great Schism.

Clement VII. Pope 1523-34. Refused Henry VIII divorce.

Clement VIII. Antipope 1423-29. Ended Great Schism.

Cleopatra VII. 69-30BC. Queen of Egypt, lover of Caesar and Antony. Suicide.

Clocks. 3500BC Gnomon. 2000BC Chinese. 8C BC sundial 4C BC Greek water clock. 300BC hemispherical sundial 160BC Rome. 12C mechanical. 1379 de Vick. 1657 Huygens pendulum.

Clotaire I. -561. Son of Clovis. Merovingian king of Franks 511-. Reunited empire 558-61.

Clotaire II. 584-629. Merovingian king of Neustria. Reunited Frankish Empire 613, but ceded power to nobles.

Clotilda, St. c475-545. Converted her husband, Clovis.

Cloud, St. (Clodoald). Grandson of Clovis I.

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