Bernard, Claude. 1813-78. French physiologist and logician. Influenced Pavlov. Intro. to Experimental Medicine 1865.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Berry, Jean, duc de. 1340-1416. Regent of France for Charles VI. Policies caused Peasants Revolt 1381-4. Patron of arts. Limburg.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Bevan, Aneurin. 1897-1960. British Socialist MP 1929-60. Architect of National Health Service, 1948.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Bichat, Xavier. 1771-1802. French anatomist. “Life is the sum of the forces that restrict death.”

Blake, William. 1757-1827. English mystical poet and engraver of his own books. Marriage of Heaven and Hell 1790-3. Job 1821. Dante’s Divine Comedy 1825.

Blenheim, Battle. 1704. Bavaria. Marlborough’s victory in War of Spanish Succession. First French defeat in 50 years, saves Vienna.

Blériot, Louis. 1872-1936. French aviator. First plane to cross Channel, 1909.

Bloomer, Amelia. 1818-94. US temperance, women’s rights activist. Wore bloomers.

Bloomsbury Group. 1907-30. Agnostic English intellectuals searching for good, true, beautiful. Forster, Woolf, Keynes, Russell, Huxley, et.al.

Blue Laws. US laws that control Sunday activities. 1781 originals on blue paper.

Boccador, Il. -1549. Architect Paris Hotel de Ville, 1533.

Bocskay, István. 1557-1606. Hungarian rebel vs HRE Catholicism. Gained Transylvania from Rudolf II. Vienna Peace, 1606.

Bogomils. 9-15C. Slavic ascetic Christian cult. All matter created by the devil.

Bohemia. Celts. 5-6C Slavs. 9C Unified. 1061 HRE. 10C + Moravia + Silesia + Galicia. 1158 Kingdom. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German. 1993 Czech Republic.

Boleyn, Anne. 1507-36. 2nd Queen of Henry VIII, mother of Elizabeth I. Beheaded.

Bolivar, Simon. 1783-1830. “Liberator of South America”. 1812- Led rebels in Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru.

Bolivia. Aymará. 15C Inca. 1538 Spain 1825 Independent. Bolivar.

Bolsheviks. (“Majority”) 1903-52. Revolutionary faction of Social Democratic Workers Party for dictatorship of Proletariat. =Communist. Mensheviks.

Boniface VIII. c1235-1303. Pope 1294-. Claimed supremacy over kings. Captured by French adviser.

Bonivard, François de. 1494-1570. Prior of St. Victori, Geneva. Reformer, imprisonned at Chillon, 1530-4. Subject of Byron poem.

Bordeaux. 4C Rome. 412 Goths. 508 Clovis. 1154 English. 1453 France.

Borgia, Cesare. 1476-1507. Ruthless Italian Machiavellian statesman. Son of Pope Alexander VI.

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