Urban VI. 1318-89. Avignon pope 1378-. Caused Schism.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Ursula, St. 4C. Martyred by Huns with 11,000 virgins.

US Virgin Is. Carib, Arawak. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1666 Denmark. 1673- Slaves brought. 1917 US purchase for $25M.

USSR. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Ustaše. 1929-45 Secret Croatian terrorist group seeking independence from Yugoslavia.

Utraquists. 15C. Moderate Bohemian Hussite sect; most re-absorbed by Roman Catholic Church 1620. Moravian Church.

Utrecht, Union of. 1579. United Provinces alliance created vs Spanish rule in Netherlands.

Vairagin. Hindu ascetic worshippers of Vishnu.

Vaisnavism. 7C BC Hindu sect. Worship Vishnu as Krishna and Rama.

Valdivia, Pedro de. 1498-1554. Spanish conqueror of Chile, 1450. Founded Santiago.

Valhalla. Scandinavian banquet hall for slain warriors. Odin.

Van Gogh, Vincent. 1853-90. Dutch expressionist painter. Passionate intensity revealed in colors. Sunflowers. Potato Eaters 1885. Starry Night 1889. Wheat Fields. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear 1889.

Varangian Guard. 977-15C. Byzantine infantry recruited from Scandinavia and later England.

Vasarely, Victor. 1908-97. Hungarian/French Op art kinetic painter.

Vassal. Feudal holder of a fief in exchange for services.

Velázquez, Diego. 1599-1660. Spanish Naturalist court painter. Old Woman Frying Eggs 1618. Coronation of the Virgin 1641. Philip IV 1644. Surrender of Breda. Borrachos. Venus and Mirror 1655.

Verdi, Giusseppe. 1813-1901. Italian Nationalist operatic composer. Otello. Rigoletto 1851. Traviata 1853. Aida 1871.

Vernon, Mt. Washington’s Virginia home.

Vervins, Treaty. 1598. Spain withdraws support of French Catholic League. Ends Franco-Spanish War. Spanish acquisitions returned to France.

Vestal Virgins. Chaste Roman guardians of Temple to Vesta, goddess of the hearth.

Vesuvius, Mt. 79 Eruption destroys Pompeii, Herculaneum.

Viau, Théophile. 1590-1626. French pre-Classical poet, dramatist. Pyramus and Thisbe 1623.

Viceroy. Governor of a territory in name of monarch.

Vichy. Seat of Pétain’s pro-German government, 1940-44 in unoccupied southern France. Source of waters famous since Roman times.

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