Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Romantic Movement. Reaction vs Enlightenment, French cultural domination. Native themes, individuality, subjectivity, self-expression.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

Rose of Lima, St. 1586-1617. Peruvian Dominican mystic. First American native saint. Patron Saint of South America.

Rosenberg, Julius, Ethel. 1918,1916-53. First US civilians executed for spying for Soviet Union.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Rossini, Gioacchino. 1792-1868. Italian opera composer: Barber of Seville 1816. William Tell 1829.

Roualt, Georges. 1871-1958. French Expressionist painter. Bold, vivid, flat colors like stained glass. The Old King 1937.

Round Table Conference. 1930-32. Established federal system, provincial autonomy in India; not implemented.

Roundhead. Derisory term applied to Parliamentarians during English Civil War.

Rowell-Sirois Report. 1935-40. Recommended Federalism over Canadian provincial power.

Royal Titles Act. 1876. Declared Victoria Empress of India.

Ruhr. German steel region. Occupied by France 1923-30. Heavily bombed in WWII.

Rupert, Prince. 1619-82. Royalist commander in English Civil War. First President of Hudson’s Bay Co.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Russian Civil War. 1918-22. Trotsky’s Red Army defeat White counter-revolutionaries. Baltic liberated.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Russian Social Democratic Party. 1898. Split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, 1903.

Ruthenia. 1321 Lithuania. 1772 Russ/Austria-Hungary. 1920 Czechoslovakia. 1939 Hungary. 1945 = Transcarpathian Ukraine (USSR).

Ruthven, Raid of. 1582. James VI of Scotland kidnapped by William Ruthven (1541-84).

Rykov, Aleksey. 1881-1938. Russian Bolshevik leader. Opposed Stalin. Rehabilitated 1988.

Sabbatal, Zevi. 1626-76. Jewish mystic. Failed march on Constantinople.

Sacco-Vanzetti Case. 1921-7. Italian/US anarchists convicted and executed despite prejudiced trial.

Sackville, Thomas. 1536-1608. British dramatist. First English blank-verse tragedy. Gorboduc 1561.

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