Pyrrhus. 319-272BC. King of Epirus. Defeated Romans at Heraclea and Ausculum at great cost (Pyrrhic Victory). Memoirs.

Quadi. -173. Nomadic German tribe in Moravia.

Quadrivium. Arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, music. Trivium.

Quasimodo, Salvatore. 1901-68. Italian humanist Hermetic poet: La Vita non e sogno. Oboe Somerso 1932.

Quebec. 1534 Cartier discovers. 1608 French colony. 1763 British. 1867 Founding province of Canada.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Quietism. 1696. Mystic religious movements. Passivity allows communication with God. Hinduism. Sufism. Molinos. Guyon. Fenelon. Soul in passive state is saved by divine spirit.

Quisling, Vidkun. 1887-1945. Traitor, head of Norwegian puppet government during German occupation, 1940-5. WWII. Executed.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Raleigh, Walter. 1554-1618. English colonist in Virginia. Introduced tobacco, potato to Europe. Beheaded.

Rama. Ideal Hindu god, king. Virtue personified.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Randolph, A. Philip. 1889-1979. US black civil rights/labor leader. March on Washington 1963.

Rapallo Treaty. 1920. Italy,Yugoslavia establish free city of Rijeka, settle borders. 1922 Normalized relations of Germany, USSR. Cancelled war indemnities.

Raymond VI. 1156-1222. Fought Albigenses in Crusade.

Reagan, Ronald. 1911-2004. US actor, Republican President 1981-9. Tax reform. Strong economy. Aid to Nicaragua Contras. Irangate scandal. Fall of Soviet Empire.

Reconstruction. 1865-77. Post Civil War US. Military control of south. Civil Rights Act. Carpetbaggers.

Red Shirts. 1930. Non-violent anti-British movement in NW India.

Reforma. 1854-76. Mexican civil war. Ouster of Santa Anna. Reduced power of army, church. Tejada Law. Juárez.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Relativism. Truth depends on the state of the observer relative to the observed.

Relativism, Ethical. What is right depends on what society or individual thinks is right.

Relativity. Einstein’s theories that space and time are not absolute. Special 1905. General 1916.

Remak, Robert. 1815-65. Cell division 1852.

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