Pol Pot. 1925-98. Cambodian Communist Khmer Rouge leader. Arrested 1997.

Pompidou Centre. Beaubourg. 1972-7. Architects: Rogers and Piano. Paris modernistic art and activity center.

Pope. Head of Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Rome. Considered the infallible vicar of Christ.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Poulenc, Francis. 1899-1963. Modern French composer. Les Six.

Prague Spring. 1968. Czech reforms face Soviet intervention. Dubcek.

Preachers, Order of. = Dominicans.

Pretoria Convention. 1881. Transvaal self-government under British suzerainty.

Pretorius, Andries. 1798-1853. Boer leader of Great Trek. Aided in Transvaal independence.

Prime Minister. =Premier. Head of parliamentary government under the head of state (monarch or president). Walpole (1721-42) considered first British Prime Minister. Richelieu 1624 France. Chancellor.

Primo de Rivera, Miguel. 1879-1930. Spanish fascist dictator 1923- by coup. Ended Moroccan War 1927.

Privateers. 13-19C. Pirates licensed by letters of marque to plunder enemy vessels. Drake. Hawkins.

Procopius the Great. c1380-1434. Bohemian leader in Hussite War.

Prophet. Old Testament Hebrew spiritual leader, divinely inspired spokesperson. Muhammad, Moses, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Jesus.

Prophet, the. c1768-1834. Shawnee leader, Tecumseh’s brother. Blamed for Tippecanoe.

Provençale. Southern French dialect of Occitan. Mistral.

Ptolemy I Suter. c366-283BC. Ruled Egypt 323-; king 305-. General of Alexander the Great.

Pyramids. c2686-2160BC. Oldest of Seven Wonders.

Pyrenees, Treaty. 1659. Established French/Spanish border ending 24 year war.

Pyrrho. c360-270BC. Founder of Sceptics.

Pythagoras. c582-500BC. Greek philosopher: numbers are key to understanding the universe. Founded first school of higher learning at Crotona, Italy.

Quantrill, William. 1837-65. Confederate guerilla leader of 1863 massacre at Lawrence, Kansas.

Quantum Theory. Energy levels are discontinuous. Foundation of modern physics. Planck 1900. Bohr.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

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