Hubbard, L Ron. 1911-86. Science Fiction writer. Founded Scientology. Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health.

Hull, Cordell. 1871-1955. US Secretary of State. UN founder. Trade agreements.

Humboldt, Alexander von. 1769-1859. German naturalist, ecologist.

Husak, Gustav. 1913-91. Czech leader 1968-89. Put in power by Moscow during Czech Invasion. Pres 1975-89.

Hussein ibn Talal. 1935-99. Moderate Jordanian king 1953-. Israel Peace Treaty 1994.

Hyksos. Semitic invaders of Egypt on horse and chariot. Ruled 1675-1550BC.

Hypatia. c370-415. Alexandrian Neoplatonic philosopher. Murdered by St. Cyril and monks. Decline of Alexandria as learning center.

Ibn Tumart. c1080-1130. Berber leader. Demanded moral reform. Founded Almohad Confederation.

ICFTU. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 1949. Split from WFTU. Represents 70M workers in 89 countries. IFTU.

IFTU. 1901-40. International Federation of Trade Unions. WFTU 1945.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

Independent Treasury. 1846-1913. US financial system not using private banks. Federal Reserve System.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

Indulgence. 800 Pardon for sin in place of penance. Granted by church, 12C as reward to Crusaders. Sold by church, 1313-. Abuse by Leo X led to Reformation.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

Innocents, Massacre of. 4BC. Herod has all Bethlehem infants murdered.

Inönü, Ismet. 1884-1974. Turkish military leader, Prime Minister 1923-37, 1961-5. President 1938-50.

Intolerable Acts. 1774. British response to Boston Tea Party, Gaspee burning. Closed Boston Harbor. Established military government. Midwest under Quebec rule...Continental Congress.

Ionia. 1000BC Greeks colonize. 546BC Cyrus. 479 Independent. 334 Alexander. 133BC Rome. 15C Ottomans destroyed cities.

Ionic Order. 6C BC. Greek architectural style. Fluted columns with scroll-shaped capital.

Ipsus, Battle. 301BC. Antigonus’ defeat marks end of Alexander’s Empire.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Iroquois League. (League of 5 Nations). 1570-. Confederation of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca. Fought for English in American Revolution, Seven Years War.

Issus, Battle. 333BC. Alexander the Great defeats Persians under Darius III.

590 more results ...