Savigny, Friedrich von. 1779-1861. German jurist, historian of Roman and medieval law. Modern system of civil law.

Saxe, Maurice, comte de. 1696-1750. French commander, War of Austrian Succession.

Saxons. 5C. Germanic people colonized France, England. 8C Widerkind defeated by Charlemagne on continent.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Schleicher, Kurt von. 1882-1934. Last chancellor of Weimar Republic 1932-3. Opposed Hitler. Murdered by SS on Night of Long Knives.

Schubert, Franz. 1797-1828. Austrian Romantic symphonic composer of lyrical beauty. Created German lieder. “The most poetic of musicians”-Liszt. A Minor Symphony 1822. Unfinished Symphony1822.

Schurz, Carl. 1829-1906. German/US Mugwump leader.

Scipio. 3-1C BC Family of Roman leaders, generals.

Scipio Nasica Serapio. -132BC. Led mob that murdered Gracchus.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

SEC. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1934. Founded under New Deal.

Sedan, Battle. 1870. Napoleon III surrenders to Germans. Ends second French Empire.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Selim III. 1761-1808. Ottoman sultan 1789-1807. Reformed, westernized. Overthrown, murdered.

Selkirk, Alexander. 1676-1721. Sailor marooned 1704-9. Prototype for Robinson Crusoe.

Sempach Battle. 1386. Swiss confederates defeat Austrian Duke Leopold, ensuring independence.

Senefelder, Alois. 1772-1834. Bavarian lithography inventor 1796.

Senegal. Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukulor. 1406 Bettencourt explored. 15C Portugal. 1626 French settle. 1895 French colony. 1959 +Sudanese Republic=Mali Federation. 1960 -Mali=Independent republic.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Sforza, Francesco I. 1401-66. Founder of Milanese dynasty 1450-1535.

Shamil. 1798-1871. Moslem guerilla leader vs Russia in Crimean War.

Sheridan, Philip. 1831-88. Union general, captured Shenandoah, forced Lee’s surrender.

Shogun. Japanese military leaders. 794 Otomaro. 1192-1867 Ruled Japan.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

Sikh States, Confederation of. 1764 Independent from Mogul. 1819 + Kashmir. 1834 + Peshawar. 1849 British. 1948 India.

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