Anjou. Region, former province of western France. Under English 1151-1204, 1360. 1480 France. Angevin.

Annates. Proportion of first year’s income paid to Pope by office holders.

Anselm, St. 1033-1109. Archbishop of Canterbury, founder of Scholasticism. Proved God exists 1078.

Antigua. Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1632 English settle. 18C slave trade. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 Self-government. 1981 Independent +Barbuda.

Antioch. 300BC Seleucus I founds. 64BC Rome. First reference to disciples as Christians c42. 540 Persia. 637 Moslem. 10-11C Syrian capital. 969 Byzantine. 1098 Crusader State. 1268 Egypt. 1517 Ottoman. 1920 Syria. 1939 Turkey.

Antisthenes. c445-365BC. Greek philosopher. Founder of Cynics.

Appian of Alexander. 2C. Greek/Roman historian.

Arachne. Lydian weaver, changed into a spider.

Arafat, Yasir. 1929-2004. Arab Fatah PLO leader. President of Palestinian Authority 1996-.

Areopagus. Athenian council of elders.

Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.

Armstrong, Louis. 1900-71. US New Orleans Jazz trumpeter and band leader.

Aroostook War. 1838-9. US-Canadian border dispute in East.

Articles of Confederation. 1781-9. First US Constitution.

Artigas, José. 1764-1850. Uruguay revolutionary leader. “Father of Uruguayan independence”.

Artois. 5C Franks. 9C Flanders. 1180 France 1329 Burgundy, Austria. 1659 France.

Ashanti Empire. 17-19C Ghana kingdom. Supplied slaves to traders.

Ashcan. 20C US school of modern art.

Assassins. 1124-1270. Secret Moslem order who murdered all enemies.

Assignats. French legal tender, 1789-96. Overissue caused inflation. Became worth 1% of face value.

Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal). 1881-1938. Turkish founder, first president, 1923. 1919-22 drove Greeks out. Major reforms to modernize Turkey.

Attila. 406-453. Leader of the Huns. 434 attacked Gaul, defeated at Catalonia in 451. “The Scourge of God”.

Augereau, Pierre. 1757-1816. Marshal under the Napoleonic Empire.

Augustinians. RC religious orders following Rule of St. Augustine.

Aulic Council. 1498-1806. Court of Holy Roman Empire. Derived from Maximilian’s personal council.

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