Religion, Wars of. 1562-1598. Eight French wars between Catholics and Protestants. Ended by Edict of Nantes. Sully. Mornay. Three Henrys War.

Restoration. 1660. English Monarchy reinstated following Protectorate. 1791 French Revolutionary Wars.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Russo-Turkish Wars. 16-19C. Russia gains Black Sea to Balkans from crumbling Ottoman Empire in 10 wars. Assist Serb, Romanian independence. Crimean War.

Ruyter, Michiel. 1607-76. Dutch admiral defeated British in Anglo-Dutch wars.

Sacred Wars. 6-4C BC. Greek city-states, for control of of shrine at Delphi.

Salbai, Treaty. 1782. Ends first Maratha War.

Samnite Wars. 4-3C BC. 3 wars by which Rome conquered central, south Italy.

San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Schönbrunn, Peace. 1809. Austria lost land to France, Russia, Bavaria, Warsaw in Napoleonic Wars.

Seminole Wars. 1817-18, 1835-42. Seminole Indians forced out of Florida.

Serbo-Turkish War. 1876-8. Serbia aids Christian rebellion in Bosnia. Loss caused Russo-Turkish War, Serbian independence 1878. Berlin Treaty.

Servile Wars. Slave revolts vs Rome. 134-132BC Sicily. 102-99BC Sicily. 73-71BC S Italy. Spartacus.

Seven Years War. 1756-63. France, Russia, Austria vs England, Prussia who retain Silesia, emerge as major power. French colonial power reduced. England gains New France, India. French-Indian Wars.

Sikh Wars. 1845-6 Sikhs invade India, British take Kashmir. 1848-9 Sikh revolt, Britain takes Punjab.

Silesian Wars. 1740-5. Prussia takes Silesia from Austria. Austrian Succession.

Spanish Armada. 1588. English support Dutch Revolt. Philip II sends 129 ships against England. Howard, Drake, Hawkins, with 197 ships, chase the armada from English Channel, thanks to a NW gale. Spain declines as naval power. Wars of Religion.

Sparta. 9C BC-396. A dominant Greek city-state 6-4C BC. Peloponnesian War defeated rival Athens. 396 Visigoths destroy.

Spartacus. -71BC. Leader of slaves revolt against Rome 73BC. Defeated and killed by Crassus. Servile War.

St-Germain, Treaty. 1570 French Wars of Religion. 1919 Created Republic of Austria.

Straits Convention. 1841-1923. Banned warships from Dardanelles in peacetime.

Sully, duc de. 1560-1641. French Finance minister to Henry IV. Helped rebuild France after Wars of Religion.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Syrian Wars. 274-200BC. Egypt vs Seleucid Empire.

Third Coalition, War. 1805. England, Austria, Russia, Sweden beaten by France, Spain despite Trafalgar victory. Ulm. Austerlitz. Coalition.

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