Moscow Conferences. 1942,3,4,5. Allied meetings during WWII.

Moscow School. 14-16C Icon painting. Curving planes, subtle colors.

Moses, Anna. “Grandma”. 1860-1961. US folk artist. Began painting in her 70s.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Nabu. Assyrian/Babylonian god of learning and writing.

Narodniki. 19C Russian Socialist movement advocating land for peasants. Assassinated Alexander II. Populism.

Narvaez, Ramon. 1800-68. Spanish general supporting Isabella II vs Carlists. Prime Minister 1844-66.

Naturalism. 19-20C Literary movement presenting life objectively. Zola.

Naturalism. 19C Style of landscape painting which captures nature. Turner. Constable. Boudin.

Naturalism. 20C Philosophy explaining all in scientific terms, rejecting supernatural.

New Testament. Portion of Bible relating to life and teachings of Christ and his disciples.

Newton, Isaac. 1643-1727. English physicist. Calculus 1666. Reflecting telescope 1668. Binomial Theorem. 1676. Tides 1683. Law of Gravity and Acceleration 1684. Decomposition of light.Principia Mathematica 1687. Speed of sound 1698.Opticks 1704.

Nightingale, Florence. 1820-1910. English pioneer of nursing in Crimean War. “The lady with the lamp.”

Norman Conquest. 1066. Brought Norman laws, customs, feudal system to England. Hastings.

Novgorod School. 12-16C. Russian icon and mural painting.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1963. US, UK, USSR, + 100 signatories. No atmospheric, underwater, or space tests. France, China decline, continue testing.

Odets, Clifford. 1906-63. US playwright of social protest. Waiting for Lefty 1935. Golden Boy 1937.

Op art. 20C style incorporating optical illusion of movement. Vasarely. Riley.

OPEC. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 1961- International cartel sets prices by controlling supply. Created oil shortage 1973.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Ostracism. Athenian 10 year exile for disrupting stability.

Palladium. Sacred image of Athena protecting Troy. Stolen by Odysseus.

Paré, Ambroise. 1510-90. Father of modern surgery. -“I apply the dressing. God heals the wound.” Invented articulating artificial limbs 1540.

Paris. Son of Priam. Carried Helen back to Troy, starting the Trojan Wars. Shot Achilles. Judged first beauty contest.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

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