Triple Alliance. 1668 England, United Provinces, Sweden vs France to protect Spanish Netherlands. 1717 France, England, Dutch Republic vs Spain...Quadruple Alliance. 1788-90 British, Dutch Republic, Prussia vs spread of Russo-Swedish War. 1795. England, Austria, Russia vs threat of French Revolution.1882-1914. Germany, Austria, Italy vs Triple Entente.

Tripolitan War. 1801-5. US vs Barbary pirates who demanded tribute to the Pasha of Tripoli.

Triptolemus. Greek hero, inventor of the plough.

Trollope, Anthony. 1815-82. English Realist Victorian novelist of ordinary people, religious and political life: Phineas Finn. Barchester Towers 1857. 46 novels.

Tropez, St. Decapitated by Nero, his body set adrift with a dog and cock was untouched until it came to rest at St. Tropez, France.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

Trotskyists. 1965-75. Revolutionary radical-left syndicalist movements propounding Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution.

Troubadours. 11-13C. Wandering lyric poets of south France and Italy.

Troubles, Time of. 1604-13. Russian rival claims to throne by 3 “False Dmitris”. Polish Invasion. Romanov elected.

Trouvères. 11-13C. Lyric poets of north France. Imitated troubadours.

Troyes, Treaty. 1420. Recognized English claim to French throne. Resisted by Dauphin.

Trujillo. Rafael. 1891-1961. Ruthless Dominican Republic dictator 1930-. Assassinated.

Trusteeship. 1946. United Nations method of governing territories. Replaces League of Nations Mandates.

Truth, Sojourner. c1797-1883. US freed slave, evangelist, abolitionist, woman rights campaigner.

Tuareg. Berber peoples of northwestern Africa.

Tudor, Owen. 1400-61. Welsh. Married Henry V’s widow, Catherine of Valois. Founded Tudor dynasty.

Tudor Architecture. c16C. English late Gothic style. Timber frame construction. Renaissance influenced decoration. Elizabethan.

Tuileries, Storming of. 1792 Massacre of Swiss Guards. King’s authority suspended. French Revolution.

Tuileries Palace. 1563. Architect:Delorme. Commissioned by Catherine de Medici. Stormed 1792. Burned, 1871 by Communards.

Tunisia. Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia. 814 BC Carthage established. 146BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 534 Byzantine. 698 Moslem = Ifrikiya(...Africa). 1574 Ottoman. 1705 Autonomous. Barbary Pirates. 1881 French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Bourguiba.

Turgenev, Ivan. 1818-83. Russian writer. Fathers and Sons 1862.

Turing, Alan. 1912-54. English mathematician, logician. Early computer theorist. Morphogenesis. Collosus. Bletchley Park.

Turkmenistan. 4CBC Alexander. 7C Arabs. 13C Golden Horde. 15C Persia/Uzbek. 1881 Russia. 1925 Turkemistan SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS. Niyazov.

Turpin, Dick. 1706-39. Romanticized English highwayman. Mythical York-London ride.

Tutu, Desmond. 1931-. South African Anglican Archbishop. Hope and Suffering 1982. .

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