Northwest Passage. Attempts 1497- to find a sea route around Canada to Asia. Amundsen succeeded 1903-6. McClure 1853.

Northwest Rebellion. 1885. Saskachewan natives and Métis for land rights. Defeated. Riél.

Norton, Thomas. 1532-84. First English tragedy with Sackville, in blank-verse. Gorboduc 1561.

Notre-Dame. Paris Cathedral. 1163-1345. Restored 1841. Prototype of all Gothic cathedrals.

Nova Scotia. Micmac. 10C Norse discover? 1497 Cabot discovers. 1605 French settle = Acadia. 1614 English. 1667 French. 1689 English. 1697 French. 1710 English. 1848 First British colony with Responsible Government. 1867 Canada.

November Insurrection. 1830-1. Polish fail to overthrow Russian domination.

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. 1968. USSR, US, UK, +59 others. Effective 1970.

Nufer, Jacob. c1500. First successful Caesarian section on living mother.

Numa Pompilius. c715-673BC. Second king of Rome. Organized the ceremony of state.

Nuremberg Trials. 1945-6. Trials of 22 Nazi leaders for crimes in WWII. 12 death sentences.

Nyerere, Julius. 1922-99. First Tanganyika Prime Minister 1961, President 1962. Union with Zanzibar. President Tanzania 1964.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

Oates, Titus. 1649-1705. English Anglican priest. Invented Popish Plot. 35 Catholics executed.

Obed. Biblical son of Ruth and Boaz. Grandfather of David.

Oberon. King of the Fairies, from Huon de Bordeaux poem.

Obote, Milton. 1925-. Ugandan Prime Minister/Pres 1962-71. Overthrown by Amin. Pres 1980-.

Observatory, Paris. 1667-72. Claude Perrault. Dimensions of the solar system 1672, meridians of longitude. Sets Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

O’Casey, Sean. 1880-1964. Irish Realist playwright: Juno and the Paycock 1924. Plow and the Stars 1926.

Occam, William. c1280-1349. English Franciscan Nominalist philosopher. “Science is about things, philosophy about terms and concepts”. Occam’s razor: “It is vain to do with more, what can be done with fewer” (Science or Logic). Incompatibility of knowledge and faith, 1332. Opposed Aquinas Aristotelian realism. “Universal ideas exist only in the mind”. Influenced Reformation.

Occasionalism. Will is free. God arranges that what man wills, happens. Determinism. Free Will.

Occitan. Langue d’Oc. Romance language of southern France. Dialects include Provençale, the language of the troubadours. Oil.

Occultism. Belief in supernatural. Astrology, alchemy, spiritualism, theosophy.

O’Connell, Daniel. 1775-1847. Irish leader. Founded Catholic Association, 1823. Election to Parliament led to Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829.

October Revolution. 1917. Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotsky overthrow Kerensky’s Socialist provisional government in Russian Revolution.

Odeon. Athenian place of music and poetry competition. Parisian theater 1728.

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