Nationalization. Siezing of private enterprises by government with or without compensation. 1946-9 England: Banks, Railways, Mines, Steel, Electricity, Gas. 1946-9 France: Coal, Electricity, Gas, Transport. 1918 Russia: Banks, Insurance, Industry. 1951 Iran: Oil.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Natural Rights. Inherent rights that cannot be taken away by a government.

Nazareth. Early home of Christ, in Galilee.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir. 1858-1943. Russian author/director. Founded Moscow Art Theater with Stanislavsky.

Neolithic. 10,000-2,000BC. New Stone age.

Neoplatonism. 3C Plotinus’ philosophy of the “One”. Union with the “Good” by using intelligence.

Neoptolemus. Mythic Greek hero. Killed Priam in Trojan War.

Neo-Pythagoreanism. 1C mystic philosophy.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Neptune. Roman god of the Sea = Poseidon. Trident.

Nernst, Walther. 1864-1941. German scientist: Third law of thermodynamics. Physical chemistry.

Nero. 37-68. Cruel, licentious Roman Emperor 54-. Persecuted Christians. Killed mother, wife. Blamed for fire, 63. Golden House.

Nestorianism. 392-. Jesus had divine + human personalities with moral union. Monophysitism.

Netherlands. Celts, Germans. 1C Rome. 400 Franks...Carolingian. 9C HRE. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1581 Independent(N) = United Provinces. 1795 France. Batavian Republic. 1806 Kingdom of Holland. 1810 «France. 1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands. 1830 -Belgium. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Netherlands, Austrian. 1714-94.

Netherlands, Spanish. 1581-1714. = Belgium, Luxembourg.

Netherlands Guiana. Surinam.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Neumann, John von. 1903-57. Hungarian/US mathematician. Computer theory; serial process. Assisted H-bomb development. Minimax theorem 1928.Theory of Games 1944.

Neville, Ralph. 1364-1425. Aided Henry IV vs Richard II. Grandfather of Edward IV and Richard III.

New France. c1600-1763. French colonies in North America.

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