Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Marseillaise. French national anthem, by Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Named for volunteer militia who adopted song on march to Paris.

Marshall, Thurgood. 1908-93. First black on US Supreme Court 1967-92.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marsyas. Mythical Phrygian artist. Challenged Apollo to musical contest.

Martha. Sister of Mary and Lazarus. Symbol of active life.

Martin I, St. Pope 649-55. Convoked Lateran Council to debate Monothelitism.

Marx Brothers. Groucho 1890-1977. Harpo 1888-1964. Chico 1886-1961. Zeppo 1901-79. Gummo 1893-1977. US film comedians. Animal Crackers 1928. Duck Soup 1933.

Mary. Virgin mother of Jesus. Free from Original Sin. Most important Roman Catholic saint.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary II. 1662-94. Queen of England with William III, 1689-. Expelled her father, James II.

Mary of Burgundy. 1457-82. Duchess. Marriage to Maximilian I gave Netherlands to Hapsburgs.

Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Masaccio, Tomaso. 1401-28. Florentine fresco painter. Introduced Humanism-man vs God central theme, proportion, perspective. Baptism of Peasants 1427.

Masaryk, Thomas. 1850-1937. Founder, first President of Czechoslovakia, 1918-35.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

Master of the Revels. 1300-1737. English court official who arranged festivities, acted as censor.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Mather. 17-18C. Family of influential American Puritan ministers.

Mathieu, Albert. 1802. Suggested English Channel Tunnel to Napoleon.

Mathura. Indian city sacred to Hindu as birthplace of Krsna.

Matilda. (Maud). 1102-67. English. Fought cousin Stephen 1135-48, who usurped throne.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Matthew, St. Jesus’ Apostle. First Gospel author.

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