Jack the Ripper. Murderer of 7 London prostitutes 1887-8. Identity unknown.

Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall”. 1824-63. Mexican War and Confederacy general. Bull Run, Shenandoah, Antietam.

Jacobins. 1789-94. Robespierre-led radical democratic French Revolutionary group. In power 1793-4. -“Holy League against the enemies of liberty”.

Jacobites. 1688-1753. Supporters of exiled James II and Stuart line after Glorious Revolution. 1715 “Old Pretender” James fails to claim British throne. 1745-6. Bonnie Prince Charlie unable to reclaim throne of England/Scotland. Stuart supporters aided rebels in Scotland and Ireland. Culloden Moor.

Jade Emperor. Taoist supreme god of the universe, lives in jade palace.

Jagiello. 14-16C. Dynasty ruling Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania.

Jahn, Friedrich. 1778-1852. German “father of gymnastics”. Turnverein.

James, Henry. 1843-1916. US psychological novelist. American 1877. Washington Square 1881. Turn of the Screw 1898. Compared innocence of New World with corruption of Old.-“It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature”.

James, St. -c62. Apostle. “Lord’s brother”. Wrote Epistle of James.

James I. 1566-1625. James VI of Scotland 1567-. King of England 1603-. United Scotland and England. Authorized Bible 1611.“Wisest fool in Christianity”. Gunpowder Plot. Religious controversy.

James II. 1633-1701. King of Great Britain 1685-8. Exiled 1689- in France. Supported Catholics. Bloody Assizes. Glorious Revolution overthrew him.

James IV. 1473-1513. King of Scotland 1488-. Allied with France vs England. Killed at Flodden.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

Jamestown. 1607. First permanent English settlement in North America.

Jansen, Cornelis. 1585-1638. Dutch theologian whose theses created Jansenism. Augustinus 1640.

Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jauhar. Indian woman’s suicide by fire before husband’s expected death in battle.

Jay’s Treaty. 1794. Brititish concessions to US to avoid another war doesn’t appease Americans.

Jeans, James. 1877-1946. English astronomer. Dynamic theory of gases.

Jefferson, Thomas. 1743-1826. US President 1801-9. Drafted Declaration of Independence. Louisiana Purchase.

Jenkins’ Ear, War. 1739-43. England vs Spain over restrictions of trade with Spanish colonies...War of Austrian Succession. Spanish cut ear, 1731.

Jennings, Jane. Canadian author. Pocket Guide to World History 1986-2009.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jerome, Jerome K. 1859-1927. English novelist: Three Men in a Boat.

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