Anvil, Operation. 1944. Allied invasion of south France.

Apache. Natives of SW North America. Geronimo. Cochise.

Apartheid. 1948-1994. Racial segregation in South Africa.

Apocrypha. 14 Books of the Old Testament excluded by Protestants and Jews.

Apollodorus. 5C BC. Athenian painter. Shading. No surviving work.

Apollonius of Perga. c262-190BC. Greek mathematician: named conic sections: ellipse, hyperbola, parabola.

Apostles’ Creed. 410. Widely-used affirmation of Christian faith.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Aquinas, St Thomas. Thomas Aquinas, St.

Aquitaine. 1C BC Rome. 5C Visigoth. 507 Franks. 700 Independent. 1137 French. 1152 English 1453 French.

Arafat, Yasir. 1929-2004. Arab Fatah PLO leader. President of Palestinian Authority 1996-.

Arcadian. Venetian paintings with Greek gods in Italian dress.

Archaic Period of Greek Art. c650-500BC. Egyptian influenced sculpture. Mythological vase painting.

Archangels. Chief angels of Christian, Judaic, Islamic, other religions.

Archidamus II. Spartan king 469-427BC. Conflict w Athens.

Archimedes. 287-212BC. Greek mathematician: lever, screw. Principle of displacement of liquid. Screw pump 260BC. Catapult 215BC.

Ardennes, Battle. Battle of the Bulge.

Areopagus. Athenian council of elders.

Argonauts. Greek heroes who pursued the golden fleece.

Argus. 100 eyed keeper of Io, killed by Hermes. Hera gave eyes to the peacock.

Ariadne. Daughter of Minos. Gave Theseus the string to escape the Labyrinth.

Aristides. 540-468BC. Athenian general at Marathon.

Aristophanes. c450-388BC. Athenian poet and satirical dramatist: The Clouds 423, The Birds 414. Lysistrata.

Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.

Ark of the Covenant. Built by Moses to house 10 Commandments.

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