Frederick I. (Barbarossa). c1123-90. HRE 1155-. Crusades. Opposed papal authority.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Frederick VI. 1769-1839. King of Norway and Denmark, 1808-. Sided with Napoleon. Lost Norway to Sweden.

Frederick the Fair. 1286-1330. Fought Louis IV unsuccessfully for German crown 1314-22.

Free Trade. International commerce free from duties, government restriction or discrimination. Smith.

Free Will. Philosophies which allow that man can more or less determine his own destiny. Fatalism.

Freedmen. Released slaves in Rome, Athens, US South.

French-Indian Wars. 1754-63. North American part of Seven Years War. France loses all possessions in Canada to Britain.

French Republican Calendar. 1793-1805. 12 30 day months of 3 “decades”. 5-6 holidays at end of year.

French Revolution. 1789-99. Monarchy overthrown. Republic established 1792. Caused by Absolutism, financial crisis, Enlightenment. Terror. Napoleon. French Revolutionary Wars.

Fresnel, Augustin. 1788-1827. French physicist, wave theory of light 1815. Fresnel lens 1820.

Freyr. Norse god of fertility, sun, rain. Freyia’s brother.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Froissart, Jean. c1333-1400. French Chronicles of the Hundred Years War 1391.

Fromm, Erich. 1900-80. German/US psychoanalyst. Man for Himself 1947. The Sane Society 1955.

Fry, Elizabeth. 1780-1845. English Quaker prison reformer.

Fu Hsi. 2800BC. Chinese mythical Emperor. Created I Ching, marriage rites.

Functionalism. 1924-45. Architectural movement of Le Corbusier. Austere objects perfected to carry out their function.

Gaea. (Gaia) Earth itself as a Greek goddess.

Gage, Thomas. 1721-87. English general, Governor of Massachussets. 1774-5. Siezed munitions at Concord, American Revolution.

Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Galahad. Chaste Arthurian knight. Lancelot’s son. Holy Grail.

Galbraith, John K. 1908-2006. Can/US Keynesian economist. Affluent Society 1958.

Galen. 129-c200. Greek doctor. Methods used 1000 years.

Galerius. -311. Roman Emperor of the East, 305-. Persecuted Christians. Edict of Tolerance, 311.

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