Rasputin, Grigori. 1872-1916. Russian adventurer, mystic. Influential in court of Nicholas II, 1906-. Murdered.

Reichskammergericht. 1495-1806. Supreme Court of Holy Roman Empire.

Revolutionary Tribunal. 1793-5. French Terror court.

Saint-Simon, duc de. 1675-1755. French courtier, writer of court life. Mémoires 1743.

Salieri, Antonio. 1750-1825. Austrian court composer. Operas.

Sardanapalus. Licentious, effeminate king of Assyria. Burned palace on defeat- killing self and court.

Senegal. Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukulor. 1406 Bettencourt explored. 15C Portugal. 1626 French settle. 1895 French colony. 1959 +Sudanese Republic=Mali Federation. 1960 -Mali=Independent republic.

Sighs, Bridge of. c1600. Venice. Connects Doge Palace court to prison.

St-Germain, Comte de. 1707-84. Won favour of Europe’s courts with “elixir of long life”.

Tannhäuser. c1200-70. German legendary knight, poet who lived in the court of Venus.

Tynwald. 800- Isle of Man parliament, supreme court.

Velázquez, Diego. 1599-1660. Spanish Naturalist court painter. Old Woman Frying Eggs 1618. Coronation of the Virgin 1641. Philip IV 1644. Surrender of Breda. Borrachos. Venus and Mirror 1655.

Wolsey, Thomas. c1475-1530. English cardinal. Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. Lost influence when unable to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Built Hampton Court Palace as gift for Henry VIII. Unpopularity a cause of Reformation.

World Court. 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1921 Hague Conference created Permanent Court of International Justice. 1945 International Court of Justice.

Bradlaugh, Charles. 1833-91. Radical atheist MP, 1880-. Oath Act, permitting affirmation for swearing in.

David, Louis. 1748-1825. French republican. Neoclassical painter. Oath of the Horatii 1784. Marat 1793. Coronation of Napoleon 1808.

Glencoe Massacre. 1692. Campbells kill 38 MacDonalds for late oath of allegiance to King William.

National Covenant. 1638. Oath to maintain Scottish Presbyterianism against Charles I episcopacy. 1638-90. Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland. 1643-67 Solemn League allied with Parliament in Civil War. 1647-supported Charles. 1661 illegal.

Nonjurors. 1689. Clergy refusing to take oath of Allegiance to William and Mary.

Rütli Oath. 3 Swiss cantons vow to rebel vs Austria.

Strasbourg Oath. 842. Charles II, Louis II oppose Lothair I. Earliest example of written French.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.