Tokugawa. 1603-1868. Japanese Shogun dynasty. =Edo Period. Isolationist. Genroku arts of “floating world”.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. 1834. 6 British farmworkers transported despite protests for union organizing.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Toscanini, Arturo. 1867-1957. Italian virtuoso conductor of Verdi, Beethoven.

Trades Union Congress. TUC. 1868. Organization of British unions sponsoring Labour Party. ICFTU.

Trafalgar, Battle. 1805. Nelson’s victory over the French and Spanish fleets. British naval superiority secured. Nelson killed. Ends Napoleon’s plans to invade England.

Trent, Council of. 1545-63. Compiled Missal used by Roman Catholic Church until 1969. Prohibited sale of indulgences. Signals counter-reformation. Luther.

Tripartite Pact. 1940. Japan joins German-Italian Axis. Joined by Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, 1940; Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Croatia, 1941.

Tromp, Marten. 1598-1653. Dutch admiral. Defeated Spain 1639 at Downs.

Trudeau, Pierre. 1919-2000. Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1969~84. Constitution Act 1982; Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Truman, Harry S. 1884-1972. US president, 1945-53. Decided to drop A-Bomb. Potsdam. NATO. Korean War. Taft-Hartley. Fair Deal.

Tunisia. Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia. 814 BC Carthage established. 146BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 534 Byzantine. 698 Moslem = Ifrikiya(...Africa). 1574 Ottoman. 1705 Autonomous. Barbary Pirates. 1881 French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Bourguiba.

Tupac Amaru. c1742-81. Peruvian Indian revolutionary vs Spanish rule 1780-1. Mutilated, drawn, quartered, beheaded.

Turnverein. 1811. German Nationalist gymnastic movement vs Napoleon. Jahn.

Tyndale, William. 1494-1536. English Protestant martyr. First English language bible.

Tyre. c2000BC Phoenicia. 14C Egypt. 9C Founded Carthage. 8C Assyria. 538 Persia. 332 Alexander...Seleucid. 125 Autonomous. 68BC Rome. 636 Moslem. 1124 Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1291 Mameluks destroy.

Uccello, Paolo. 1397-1475. Florentine Gothic/Renaissance painter. Perspective pioneer. Flood 1447.

Ulm, Battle. 1805. Napoleon defeats Austria.

Unicorn. Mythical subject of art 400BC-Middle Ages.

Uniformitarianism. Earth shaped by ongoing processes indicative of time. Lyell.

United Nations. UN. 1945. Charter signed by 50 nations at San Francisco. To safeguard world peace and protect human rights. Most countries members now. 15 agencies for education, relief. Trusteeship .

Urartu. 13-7C BC Kingdom in eastern Turkey. Conquered by Sargon. c600BC Armenians.

Ursula, St. 4C. Martyred by Huns with 11,000 virgins.

Uruguay. 1516 Díaz discovers. 1683 Portugal. 1777 Spain(La Plata). 1820 Brazil. 1828 Independent.

Uther Pendragon. Legendary British king. Father of King Arthur.

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