Five Dynasties. 907-60. China between T’ang and Sung dynasties. Upheaval stimulated arts. Art to represent metaphysical truth.

Florentine. School of Painting. 1270 Academy of Fine Arts. Express humanist ideas through art. Realism and chiarascuro. DaVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael.

Fontainebleau. School of Art. 1528-1600. Classical style of painting precipitated by above. Later, allegorical style.

Fontainebleau, Treaty. 1807. Established Napoleon’s right to march on Portugal through Spain.

Ford, John. c1586-1639. English dramatist. Broken Heart 1627.

Formigny, Battle. 1450. French artillery defeat English longbow.

Foucault, Léon. 1819-68. Proved rotation of the earth in an experiment at the Pantheon, Paris, 1851. Gyroscope, 1852.

Fouché, Joseph. 1758-1820. French Revolutionary. Minister of Police 1779~1815. Secret police. Intrigued vs Robespierre 1794, Napoleon 1799,1807; Louis XVIII 1814.

Frederick II. 1194-1250. Holy Roman Emperor. 1220-. King of Sicily 1198-. King of Jerusalem 1229-. Patron of arts, education.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Frederick VI. 1769-1839. King of Norway and Denmark, 1808-. Sided with Napoleon. Lost Norway to Sweden.

Free-Soil Party. 1848-54. US anti-slavery party. Van Buren.

Frémont, John. 1813-90. US pioneer, Governor of CA, First senator 1856. First Republican Presidential candidate.

French Community. 1958-. France + Overseas departments + former territories.

French-Indian Wars. 1754-63. North American part of Seven Years War. France loses all possessions in Canada to Britain.

French Revolution. 1789-99. Monarchy overthrown. Republic established 1792. Caused by Absolutism, financial crisis, Enlightenment. Terror. Napoleon. French Revolutionary Wars.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Froebel, Friedrich. 1782-1852. German kindergarten 1841. Creativity, personal development, social adjustment.

Froissart, Jean. c1333-1400. French Chronicles of the Hundred Years War 1391.

Fuchs, Klaus. 1911-88. German/British nuclear physicist. Communist spy 1943-50.

Fust, Johann. 1400-66. German partner of Gutenburg.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Gaea. (Gaia) Earth itself as a Greek goddess.

Galahad. Chaste Arthurian knight. Lancelot’s son. Holy Grail.

Gandhi, Mohandas. 1869-1948. Indian patriot and non-violent philosopher. Home Rule. Opposed Partition. Assassinated.

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