Mary. Virgin mother of Jesus. Free from Original Sin. Most important Roman Catholic saint.

Mary Magdalene, St. Disciple, exorcised by Jesus. Saw him resurrected.

Mason-Dixon Line. 1763-7. MD-PA border named for its 2 surveyors. 1820- Separated slave/free states.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Mathieu, Albert. 1802. Suggested English Channel Tunnel to Napoleon.

Matilda. (Maud). 1102-67. English. Fought cousin Stephen 1135-48, who usurped throne.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Matsushita, Konosuke. 1894-1989. Japanese industrialist; began 5-day workweek, guaranteed lifetime employment.

Matthew, St. Jesus’ Apostle. First Gospel author.

Maupassant, Guy de. 1850-93. French short story writer: Boule de Suif 1880.

Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

Mazurian Lakes, Battles. 1914,15. 325,000 Russian casualties by Germany.

Mehmed I. -1421. Ottoman sultan. Restored by Tamerlane; re-united Ottoman territory.

Mehmed II. 1432-81. Ottoman sultan 1451~. Captured Constantinople 1453, ending Byzantine Empire. Conquered Anatolia, Greece, Aegean, most of Syria. Re-established Ottoman Empire.

Mehmed VI. 1861-1926. Last Ottoman Sultan 1918-22. Deposed by Ataturk.

Melchites. 451-. Middle Eastern Roman Catholic sect with rites in Arabic, affirming Christ’s dual human/divine nature.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Mercator, Gerardus. 1512-94. Flemish cartographer. Projection of globe onto flat surface 1569. Atlas 1595.

Merciless Parliament. Wonderful Parliament. 1388. Impeached 5 Richard II supporters.

Merrick, Joseph. 1862-90. “Elephant Man”. Severely disfigured English cripple, subject of play and film.

Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Metaphysical Painting. 1911-20. Bizarre surreal imagery in stark landscape. De Chirico.

Mexican Revolution. 1910-24. Successive leaders overthrown. 1917 New Constitution. Diaz. Zapata. Villa.

Michelson, Albert. 1852-1931. Polish/US physicist. With Morley, disproved existence of ether 1887. Measured speed of light.

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