Helios. Greek sun god before Apollo.

Hellenistic Art. c330-50BC. Cosmopolitan culturally diverse period of Alexander’s empire. Sensual, emotional sculpture. Dying Gaul. Laocoön.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Henry, O. 1862-1910. US short-story writer. Surprise endings and irony. Gift of the Magi. Porter.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Himmler, Heinrich. 1900-45. German Gestapo and SS head. Concentration camps. Suicide after Allied capture.

Hippocrates. 460-370BC. Greek physician. Separated medicine from superstition. Established medical schools. “Diseases due to natural causes”.

Hobbes, Thomas. 1588-1679. English Materialist Determinist philosopher. Nominalist. Royalist. Good is that which brings pleasure; evil, pain. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Elements of Law 1640. Leviathan 1651.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell. 1841-1935. US Supreme Court Justice 1902-32. Law as social instrument.

Holy Grail. Cup used by Jesus at Last Supper.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Homestead Strike. 1892. Carnegie Steel hires breakers. Gun battle ensues.

Horus. Egyptian deity of sunlight and goodness. Falcon.

Howe, Julia. 1819-1910. US suffragette author: Battle Hymn of the Republic.

Hsi Ho. Chinese goddess; mother of sun.

Hsüan-t’ung. P’u-i, Henry.

Huang Hsing. 1874-1916. Led Chinese uprising 1911, with Sun Yat-sen.

Hui-neng. 638-713. Chinese Zen priest. Satori-sudden enlightenment.

Huitzilopochtli. Aztec war and sun god.

Hukbalahap Rebellion. 1946-54. Unsuccessful Communist guerillas vs Roxas in Philippines.

Humanism. 14C-. Philosophy. Mankind at the center of consciousness. Mankind can live ethically without recourse to the supernatural. Belief in personal worth of individual. Rational, creative. Petrarch.

Hume, David. 1711-76. Scottish empiricist philosopher and historian: On Human Nature 1739. Free-will. Behaviour results from innate character. God cannot be proved by reason, but we must believe in Him.

Hung Hsiu-ch’üan. 1814-64. Led Tai-Ping Rebellion. Claimed to be Christ’s brother. Founded new religion based on Chinese unity.

Huns. Nomadic peoples of Central Asia who invaded Europe in 4-5C. Attila. Defeated at Châlons-sur-Marne, 451.

Hunter, John. 1728-93. British surgeon, pathologist.

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